About the Edo era;
I think Japanese culture and the way of thinking and doings have mostly been nourished during this era.
1, diligence
2, obedience
3, endurance
4, skillfulness
5, kindness
江戸、えど(edo), after Emperor destroyed Tokugawa government, Edo was renamed as 東京(Tokyo).
江戸幕府、えどばくふ(edo-bakuhu), in other word 徳川幕府。幕府 means samurai's government.
江戸城(edo-castle) in which 江戸幕府 and Shogun dwelt. It had become Emperor's palace(皇居).
大名、だいみょう(dai-myo) feudal lords since Sengoku till Edo era. Who had territory of various size from town to state and its area was measured by amount of crop of rice.
旗本、はたもと(Hata-moto), direct vassals of Shogun.
usually live in 江戸。
将軍、しょうぐん(shou-gun), the ruler and commander in chief of samurai troops
徳川家康、とくがわいえやす(tokugawa-ieyasu), The first shou-gun of Edo era. since AD1600 till 1867.
豊臣秀吉、(toyotomi-hideyosi), the ruler before Tokugawa and his descent were killed by Tokugawa.
戦国時代(Sengoku-Jidai)、ages of wars;
It continued from sirca AD1550 until 1600 Tokugawa (徳川) ieyasu won the battle of Sekigahara(関ヶ原).
He was designated to Shogun(supreme commander of samurais) by Emperor and has been ruling whole of Japan.
室町・戦国時代(むろまち・せんごく)Muromachi-Sengoku jidai
After Heian era Samurais took manor from Nobles and got wealth and power. The battle for territories occurred every where in Japan in order to become Daimyo(feudal lord) and further more to be Shogun(ultimate leader).
Hi, long time no see! Let's reopen some Japanese lesson.
弥生時代、やよいじだい(yayoi, ji-dai), Yayoi Era
飛鳥・奈良時代、あすか・なら、Asuka・Nara Era
Ancient ages of Japan, Emperor governed Japan
平安時代、へいあん、Heian Era, Nobles governed
This is Middle Ages.