Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can raise your risk of high blood pressure (BP). And the opposite is true, too: Hypertension can make sleep apnea worse. You can have one without the other. Of the two types of sleep apnea (obstructive and central), obstructive sleep apnea is more commonly associated with unmanaged high blood pressure. It’s also the most common kind.
When you have obstructive sleep apnea, the muscles in your mouth and throat relax too much while you sleep. That causes your airways to collapse and your breathing to pause as you snooze. OSA can affect the quality of your sleep (and that of anyone sharing a room with you, if you snore).
Normally, your body uses sleep as a time to recover. Your heart rate slows, your stress hormone levels fall and your blood pressure dips. That gives your heart and blood vessels a chance to rest. But when sleep apnea repeatedly interrupts your sleep, you don’t reap those benefits. When our sleep is restful, our blood pressure is supposed to decrease. OSA has the opposite effect. If you have OSA, your body stays on high alert throughout the night.
When you have sleep apnea, your oxygen levels drop and activate your body’s fight-or-flight response. That causes a surge of stress hormones (cortisol) that signal your blood vessels to tighten and raise blood pressure. Over time, those repeated stress responses can strain your heart and blood vessels.
Now, for the other side: If you have high blood pressure, you can be at higher risk for developing obstructive sleep apnea. That’s especially true if your blood pressure isn’t well managed with medication or other treatments.
Unmanaged blood pressure can result in fluid buildup or swelling in the body. When you lie down at night, that fluid can move to your neck, leading to throat swelling. That swelling narrows your airway and contributes to OSA.
Because obstructive sleep apnea and high blood pressure are so closely connected, treating both is important.
CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) is considered the gold standard treatment for OSA. It delivers pressurized air through a mask to help keep your airway open while you sleep.
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Have said this repeatedly, stop risking your life in the name of adventure activities in India. Many places run with untrained staff, poorly maintained safety gear and barely any proper monitoring. One mistake turns fatal. A 15 year old died in Agra after falling from a zipline.