Andrew Ng just dropped 8-page PDF on 4 agentic steps "from Loops to Graphs from scartch"
The twist: agent has amnesia without both: Loops let agents think - Graphs let agents remember
here's 4 workflows, step by step:
step 1 → reflection - agent writes, second prompt critiques, agent rewrites - one self-review loop beats a smarter model with none
step 2 → tool use - give it search, code execution, APIs - thinking without tools is hallucinating
step 3 → planning - break the task into JSON steps before running - Step fails? Agent replans around it
step 4 → multi-agent - stop running one agent - run a team - one codes, one reviews, one tests
how to wire this today:
step 5 → add one critique call after every generation - 10-30% quality lift, one day of work
step 6 → connect all 4 into a graph - agents share memory instead of transcripts - agent forgets, graph doesn't
the result: a weak model with 4 steps destroys a strong model without them - same cost, it's the architecture
this 8-page PDF is what comes after loop engineering
save this - then read the full build workflow in the article below ↓
A senior Anthropic engineer just dropped 12-page PDF on "Graph Engineering" for multi-agentic systems.
The shift: your agents memory dies with their context window. A knowledge graph makes it permanent.
Extract → Resolve → Assemble → Query → Repeat
Every agentic graph has 5 stages:
• Extract: Haiku pulls entities and S-P-O triples. One call per doc. The Pydantic schema is the only training data.
• Resolve: Sonnet clusters "Edwin Aldrin" → "Buzz Aldrin" - zero string overlap - using descriptions as context.
• Assemble: canonical nodes, typed edges, provenance on every triple. One connected graph.
• Query: serialize a subgraph → Sonnet reasons over triples → every answer cites a specific edge.
Plug this into multi-agent systems as shared memory.
Workers write to it, evaluators fact-check against it, loops persist overnight with it.
This 12-page PDF changed how I'm building multi-agent systems today.
Read it now, then explore the article below.