REDUNDANCY IN SYSTEM DESIGN
Redundancy is the practice of duplicating critical components in a system so that if one component fails, another can immediately take over.
The goal is simple:
Remove single points of failure.
Without redundancy, one failed server, database, or network device can bring down an entire application.
HOW REDUNDANCY WORKS
1. SERVER REDUNDANCY
Instead of running a single server:
→ Server A
→ Server B
→ Server C
A load balancer distributes traffic across all servers.
If one server crashes, the others continue serving users.
2. DATABASE REDUNDANCY
Data is copied across multiple database instances.
Example:
→ Primary Database
→ Replica Database
If the primary fails, a replica can become the new primary.
3. NETWORK REDUNDANCY
Multiple network paths are created between systems.
If one route fails, traffic automatically switches to another route.
4. STORAGE REDUNDANCY
Data is stored in multiple locations.
Examples:
→ RAID configurations
→ Cloud storage replication
→ Distributed file systems
This prevents data loss during hardware failures.
5. GEOGRAPHIC REDUNDANCY
Applications are deployed across multiple regions or data centers.
Example:
→ US Region
→ Europe Region
→ Asia Region
If an entire region goes offline, users can be routed to another region.
ACTIVE-ACTIVE VS ACTIVE-PASSIVE
Active-Active:
→ Multiple systems handle traffic simultaneously
→ Better performance
→ Higher availability
Active-Passive:
→ One system serves traffic
→ Backup waits on standby
→ Simpler architecture
REAL-WORLD EXAMPLES
→ Google runs services across multiple data centers
→ Netflix deploys infrastructure across multiple AWS regions
→ Banking systems maintain backup databases and servers
BENEFITS OF REDUNDANCY
→ High availability
→ Better reliability
→ Reduced downtime
→ Improved disaster recovery
→ Greater fault tolerance
CHALLENGES
→ Increased infrastructure costs
→ More operational complexity
→ Data synchronization issues
→ Additional monitoring requirements
RULE OF THUMB
If a component is critical to your system, assume it will eventually fail and build redundancy before it does.
Grab the System Design Ebook:
https://t.co/WIMretQFPE
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In just one year, Nigerians spent $1.6B in ransoms.
To put that into perspective, Nigeria’s annual ransom marketplace is now 11 times larger than the country’s entire Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Q1 2025.
Crime has structurally outpaced the formal economy under Tinubu.
Watching this video made on the children kidnapped in Oyo says it all for me.
these kids passed a better message than all these nollywood celebs fake tears 😭😭
This is one of the most dishonestly gaslighting writeups. Expect more of these as the campaigns heat up. It shows that Tinubu is very afraid.
When GEJ removed petrol subsidy with so many safety nets to help cushion the effect at a time when the economy was better prepared to handle it, who politicised it and organised a protest to reverse it? Tinubu!
When GEJ, Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, and Peter Obi were advocating for savings for the rainy day, who fought it vehemently? The governors who were aligned with Tinubu and the APC
When we had managed to keep Buhari, who was obviously clueless about governance, away from government, who went and teamed up with him to make sure he won for his own selfish ambition? Tinubu!
When insecurity was spreading all over the country, who turned a blind eye because he did not want to offend the North so he could get his turn at the presidency? Tinubu!
When herder terrorists made one of the first incursions into the SW and killed a prominent Yoruba person, who was out asking, "Where are the cows?"? Tinubu!
When the EndSars protests happened, who used his propaganda machinery to term it an insurrection sponsored by people who wanted to take over the government? Tinubu!
When did the military come in and kill peaceful, unarmed protesters? When Tinubu felt his moneybag at the tollgate genuinely threatened!
When he returned from France, where he fled for safety in the event that the country went up in flames after the shooting and was interviewed, what did he say? "Those at the tollgate have questions to answer too. Why were they there? How were they there? What kind of character are they?"
When Tinubu stole his way to power, what was the first thing he did? Yank off one of the only things Nigerians benefit from Nigeria. Took petrol subsidy away. Took education subsidy away. Asked us to endure baby steps of pain while spending our scarce commonwealth junketing across the globe, building expensive mansions for the VP in Abuja and his home state Borno, buying himself a new jet and a luxury yacht, taking the villa away from the national grid and pluging it fully into solar power while the entire country remains in darkness.
APC has been in power for 11 years. By next year, it'd be 12 uninterrupted years of APC in power. Tinubu and his party have brought nothing but pain, suffering, and death to Nigerians.
His audacity to be seeking a second term in office is solely because Nigerians are largely docile people. In some places, he'd have had to run into exile with his entire family by now.
In 2009, Nigeria was casually hosting FIFA tournaments.
Fast forward to 2026, Nigeria cannot even host AFCON tournaments.
This country really fell off 😭
As against 1001 mindless scrolls I've done today, I've taken the time to reflect on this young lady.
Someone's child. Someone's friend. Someone's grandchild.
She meant a lot to her friends, her family.
She had dreams, had plans, had an entire life in front of her.
She could have been anything. A medical doctor, a lash tech, queen of a particular kingdom, a CEO or even a wife.
She most likely loved life and lived in hopes. That one day, she'll tow the path of her mentors, the people she looked up to.
It didn't matter if she was academically smart or not, what mattered was that she mattered.
She didn't have to die. She didn't have to not exist with truncated dreams. Her parents didn't have to live with the grief they're currently living with.
Now, this is just Priscilla.
There are over 1000 Priscillas who have died mindless deaths at the hands of these terrorists. Not Acts of God. Just deaths that didn't need to happen.
When you reflect in this context and hatred doesn't build in your heart, you are sick.
When you reflect in this manner, and you don't have absolute disgust for the government and the apolitical bastards whose mouths are too heavy to speak truth to power, you are sick.
When you reflect in this manner and you think any association who still cuddles to this demonic government that has repeatedly closed eyes to these wanton deaths, is worth keeping - you are mentally ill.
I am sorry this happened to you, Priscilla.
I am so sorry. You were geographically unfortunate and it is an absolute shame.
I hope the lights guide you home, my dear. 🕊 ❤
Nigeria has never been this bad, but guess what? It won’t get better anytime soon. We will continue surviving and thriving, while the next generation continues from where we left off.
See how non challant he was at the beginning because he wasn’t expecting much.
But it then turned to excitement and then tears.
If you like let these zero effort women manipulate you to settle for less. You will just die young.
I rather remain single than put up with nonsense.
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