The 2026 AP Physics 1 Exam scores:
5: 19%; 4: 24%; 3: 25%; 2: 15%; 1: 17%
The 2026 AP Physics 1 exam was taken by approximately 184,000 students — 1% of the U.S. high school population.
Multiple-Choice Questions
Students scored highest on questions related to Unit 1, Kinematics, with 25% of students earning 100% of the points possible here.
Students also did very well on questions related to Unit 3, Work, Energy, and Power, with AP students who earned scores of 3+ generally earning most or all of these points.
Free-Response Questions (FRQs)
https://t.co/bvHZrzplHC
FRQ #1, a Mathematical Routines question about Projectile Motion and Fluid Flow from a Fountain Nozzle, opened the exam with a rich kinematics scenario: a water droplet that exited a fountain nozzle at an angle above the horizontal, rose to maximum height, and then returned to nozzle height. In the first part, students sketched graphs of both components of velocity as functions of time and then derived symbolic expressions for the exit speed of the water and the volume flow rate through the circular nozzle. In the next part, students transitioned to a comparative reasoning task. The nozzle was replaced by a smaller nozzle, with all other quantities held constant. Students made and justified a claim about how changing the nozzle affects the maximum height of the water. This question requires students to integrate kinematics, continuity of flow, and qualitative reasoning simultaneously.
Across all of this year’s FRQs across the ~40 AP subjects, this is the most pristine I’ve yet seen in the way it so evenly spreads the difficulty of the points across the full 10-points possible, designing points of differing difficulty so that there are at least two points aimed at identifying students qualified for each of the AP score categories of AP 2 to AP 5. It’s a brilliantly designed question, all credit to the Physics professors, teachers, and staff who collaborated to create it. AP students achieving 5s typically earned at least 9 points, students achieving 4s, at least 6 points, students achieving 3s, at least 4 points, and students receiving AP 2s, at least 2 points. A specific example:
In Part B, students receiving AP 2s were typically able to indicate the maximum height of the droplet from the new nozzle, but only students earning AP 3+ scores were typically able to justify their response with qualitative reasoning.
FRQ #2, a Translation Between Representations question about Linear Momentum, Collisions, and Center of Mass Motion, was the most multi-layered question on the exam and showcased multiple representations across four parts. The scenario presented a collision between Disk R and Disk S. First, students drew scaled momentum vectors for the disks after the collision, which required them to illustrate momentum conservation graphically. Students then derived an expression for the kinetic energy of Disk S after the collision, starting from conservation of linear momentum. Next, students sketched a graph of the position as a function of time for both disks and the center of mass after the collision. Finally, students made and justified a claim about the magnitudes of the momentum changes of Disk R and Disk S during the collision. Each part of this question requires a different representational skill: vector diagram, algebraic derivation, graphical reasoning, and conceptual justification.
This FRQ had several components that made it, overall, slightly easier than the others, providing opportunities to differentiate students earning AP 2s from students receiving AP 1s, as students receiving AP 2s were able to attain at least 3 points, several of which were in Part A, across this FRQ.
FRQ #3, an Experimental Design and Analysis question about Blocks Moving Along Surfaces With and Without Friction, presented students with two different experiments that involved frictional forces. In Experiment 1, a block slid down a smooth, curved ramp and onto a rough horizontal surface. The students identified which quantities to measure using a meterstick, indicated a method to reduce uncertainty, and described a linearized graph that could be used to determine the coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the horizontal surface. In Experiment 2, a block slid various distances down a different rough ramp and passed through a photogate that recorded the speed of the block. Students received data for the distances and the speed of the block, and an equation that relates the distance and the speed. Students identified which quantities to plot to linearize the equation, plotted the data with an appropriate scale, drew a best-fit line, and then calculated an experimental value for the coefficient of kinetic friction based on the slope of the best-fit line. This question illustrates the connection between the physics of frictional forces and the methodology of experimental design and graphical data analysis.
Part D is by far the most challenging part of this FRQ, and served to differentiate students achieving AP 5s from other students. In other words, take a look at Part D of this question and if you’re able to answer it fully, odds are that you’re among the group qualifying for an AP 5.
FRQ #4, a Qualitative-Quantitative Translation question about Rotational Dynamics and the Work-Energy Theorem Applied to Spinning Toys, required students to reason about two spinning toys, Toy X and Toy Y, one with a smaller rotational inertia than the other. A string of the same length was wrapped around the upper portion of each toy. The same constant force was exerted on each string, causing the toys to rotate. Students made and justified a claim as to whether Toy Y reaches a greater, lesser, or equal angular speed as Toy X when the string fully unwound. Students then had to justify their claim using qualitative reasoning. Next, students derived a symbolic expression for the angular speed of Toy X, starting with the work-energy theorem or Newton’s second law in rotational form. Finally, students verified whether their derived expression was consistent with their qualitative reasoning from their claim. The three-part structure of predict qualitatively, derive quantitatively, and verify consistency exemplifies the reasoning cycle AP Physics 1 students develop throughout the course.
This was the most difficult of this year’s FRQs, overall, so its spread of 8 points served to provide opportunities for students aiming at AP 3s, 4s, and 5s to show their stuff, as students receiving AP 2s typically earned just a single point here.
All subjects' AP score distributions for 2026 will be posted here when available: https://t.co/OrkaQhPZYO
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