came across this video on Instagram and realized this is an extremely good way to test a person's bullshit detector skills.
Watch the whole thing and share your opinion on what you think about this study.
Mesopotamia was never the cradle of civilisation. India was.
I spent forty years in international shipping, not academia. When I began researching the history of maritime trade, I had no orthodoxy to defend. I followed the evidence, and it kept arriving in the same place: the Indian subcontinent.
Nineteenth century archaeologists dug in Mesopotamia because the climate preserved artefacts, the biblical sources pointed them there, and the Ottomans allowed the excavations. That is the entire basis for the myth of Mesopotamia as "the cradle of civilisation."
Nobody applied the same rigour to India. Mohenjo-daro was not discovered until 1922. By then the narrative had already hardened.
What was actually there was the largest civilisation of the ancient world. Three hundred cities. Fifty thousand people in each, by 2600 BC. Two thirds of them stood on the banks of the Sarasvati, the central and greatest of the seven rivers described in the Rig Veda, flowing down from the Himalayas before the river vanished entirely by 1900 BC. The Vedic kings claimed territory stretching "sea to sea," from Afghanistan to Maharashtra, some 1.5 million square miles, against Egypt's 13,000. A dock at Lothal built to handle thirty ships of sixty tons, unmatched in Europe for four thousand years. When it was first excavated, it was recorded as a bathing pool.
When the scale became impossible to dismiss, the theory was not corrected. It was replaced with a story of pale-skinned nomads from the steppe who supposedly arrived around 1500 BC and brought civilisation with them. There is no evidence. The chronology doesn't work. The Vedas describe no invasion.
In 2019 a Harvard-led genetic study revived the claim, and the press reported it as confirmation. It was not. The same study found the builders of these cities were indigenous. The Sarasvati river that the Rig Veda described had already dried up before these newcomers arrived. What the study also found is that a small group of men, arriving after the Sarasvati had already dried up, interbred with the existing population and left a genetic signature. That is all.
So, where they chose to dig was mostly an accident of climate and access. The Aryan invasion theory was constructed because an Indian civilisation that owed nothing to Caucasians was a fact the late nineteenth century could not accommodate.
Link to full Substack essay with sources in the comments below.
After the Trojan War, Odysseus should have reached Ithaca in about a week...
Instead, his journey lasted 10 years because he blinded the Cyclops Polyphemus, earning the wrath of Poseidon, while his crew repeatedly ignored warnings and made disastrous decisions.
Along the way they encountered the Lotus Eaters, escaped the Cyclops, lost their chance to reach home when the crew opened Aeolus' bag of winds, watched nearly their entire fleet destroyed by the giant Laestrygonians, and spent a year with the sorceress Circe.
Odysseus then traveled to the Underworld to seek the prophet Tiresias, sailed past the Sirens, and narrowly passed between Scylla and Charybdis. After his crew slaughtered the sacred cattle of the sun god Helios, Zeus destroyed their ship, leaving Odysseus as the sole survivor. He then spent seven years stranded on Calypso's island before finally reaching Ithaca with the help of the Phaeacians.
By the time he returned home, Odysseus had been away for 20 years: 10 years fighting in the Trojan War and another 10 years trying to get home.
#archaeohistories
ORBIT ACHIEVED. 🚀
Vikram-1 Test Flight-1 has reached orbit. India's first privately developed orbital rocket has completed its final burn and injected its payloads into a ~450 km orbit, making India the third country in the world with private orbital launch capability.
History is made. 🇮🇳
#Vikram1 #JourneyToOrbit #SkyrootAerospace
How blessed are these humble workers! 🙏✨
Every brushstroke they paint and every decoration they create is not just work—it's Seva offered at the lotus feet of Lord Jagannath. Few are fortunate enough to prepare the sacred path on which the Lord's divine chariot will roll.
May Lord Jagannath bless all those whose hands and hearts are serving Him, whether through prayers, devotion, or even a single stroke of paint.
Jai Jagannath! 🚩🙏
@LORWEN108 Instead of getting caught up in the thought, use Ramana Maharshi's method of Self-Inquiry. When a thought arises, ask: "To whom has this thought arisen?" Answer will b "To me." Then ask: "Who am I?" This pulls the attention away from the thought & redirects it back to the Source.
@mybmcWardS@mybmc Thankyou for addressing the complaint promptly as usual.
The drain is no longer overflowing.
This will come as a relief to lot of residents who use the road daily.
Thankyou once again.
Kindly fix the overflow from the drain opposite Chetna Apartments gate on J M Road (SPS Marg), Bhandup West since 5th July after heavy rains & still continues.
Stinking waste water is accumulating at a distance from the drain resulting in Mosquitos breeding.
@mybmc@mybmcWardS
ठाण्यातील ईस्टर्न एक्स्प्रेस महामार्गावरील तीन हात नाका परिसरात फूट ओवर ब्रिजवर एकनाथ शिंदे गटाकडून लावण्यात आलेला वाढदिवसाचा बॅनर धावत्या दुचाकीस्वराच्या डोक्यात पडला.
शहर विद्रूप करणारी ही बॅनरबाजीची घाणेरडी प्रथा जीवघेण्या पर्यंत पोहचली आहे तरीही प्रशासन काहीच करत नाही. #ठाणे
#WATCH | New Zealand: At the community event in Auckland, PM Narendra Modi says, "This might be my first visit as the Prime Minister but 25-30 years ago, when I was not a part of any Government and nobody knew me in publuc life, I received an opportunity to come to New Zealand. At that time, someone gifted me three things which I took back with me to India - this muffler, a cap and a pair of gloves. I have brought one of those things to this event today. The muffler you see was gifted to me by a New Zealander 25-30 years back. I used it several times in these years and I take care of it even today, just like I take care of your love for me."
(Video: ANI/DD)