BNSF Railway v. United States explained in 60 seconds. This Supreme Court case on toxic cleanup costs asked whether Shell was liable for disposal just because its product spilled, and whether the railroads had to pay all cleanup costs. The Court said arranger liability requires intent to dispose of waste, not just knowledge of spills, and it upheld assigning the railroads 9% of the costs. This matters because selling a dangerous product does not automatically create disposal liability, and cleanup costs can be split when the facts support it.
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Klocek v. Gateway explained in 60 seconds. This contract law and arbitration case asks whether terms included inside a computer box became part of the deal after the sale. The federal court said no on that record because Gateway did not show clear agreement to the extra arbitration terms. The case matters because fine print sent after a purchase may not bind a buyer without real assent.
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Midler v. Ford explained in 60 seconds. This celebrity voice imitation case asks whether using a sound-alike in advertising without consent is a legal wrong. The Ninth Circuit said yes: in California, deliberately imitating a famous singer's distinctive voice in an ad can be a tort, because a voice can identify a person like a face. The takeaway is simple: rights to a song do not include rights to someone's identity, which matters anytime ads try to profit from a recognizable voice.
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Two Pesos v. Taco Cabana explained in 60 seconds. This Supreme Court trademark case asks whether a business can protect its overall look and feel without proving customers already connect that look to the brand. The Court said yes: if the look is distinctive on its own, it can be protected, which matters because businesses may be able to stop copycats from copying a truly distinctive design from day one.
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Garratt v. Dailey explained in 60 seconds. This battery case explains intent: someone can be liable if they knew harmful contact was substantially certain, even without wanting to injure anyone. The Washington Supreme Court sent the case back to decide what Brian Dailey actually knew when Ruth Garratt fell after the chair was moved. It matters because battery can turn on knowledge, not just a desire to hurt someone.
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KSR v. Teleflex explained in 60 seconds. This U.S. Supreme Court patent law case explains the obviousness rule: a patent is invalid if it only combines known parts in a predictable way that skilled engineers would naturally make. The Court said that is ordinary design, not true invention. This matters because not every useful improvement can be patented.
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Davis v. Monroe County schools explained in 60 seconds. This Title IX case asks when a school can be liable for student-on-student sexual harassment. The Supreme Court said a school board can face damages if it had actual knowledge and showed deliberate indifference to known, serious harassment that denied equal access to school. It matters because schools are not liable for every incident, but clearly unreasonable inaction can create legal responsibility.
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Perry v. New Hampshire explained in 60 seconds. This U.S. Supreme Court case on eyewitness identification and due process asked whether a judge must screen a suggestive ID for reliability when police did not arrange it. The Court said no: the special pretrial reliability check usually applies only when police created the suggestive setup. That matters because questionable eyewitness IDs can still go to a jury without a judge screening them first.
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Padilla v. Kentucky explained in 60 seconds. This U.S. Supreme Court case asks whether the Sixth Amendment requires defense lawyers to give accurate advice about deportation risk before a guilty plea. The Court said yes: when deportation is a clear result of a plea, competent lawyers must warn their clients. That matters because bad plea advice can violate the right to effective counsel for noncitizens.
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Georgia v. Randolph explained in 60 seconds. This U.S. Supreme Court case deals with police search consent, shared homes, and the Fourth Amendment. The issue was whether one resident can allow a warrantless search when another resident is present and clearly says no. The Court said no: a present residentโs refusal blocks the other residentโs consent, so police needed a warrant. This matters because it limits police entry into shared homes and protects your privacy when you object.
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