Francisco Quariguasy (aka Inkabrother). M.A. in Education (UnB), Linguist, Translator, Teacher Trainer, Lecturer on EFL. Come expose yourself to English.
Abbreviations ✍🏻
1. GTG = Got to go
2. JK = Just kidding
3. LOL = Laugh out loud
4. IDK = I don’t know
5. OMG = Oh my god
6. DM = Direct message
7. RN = Right now
8. OMW = On my way
9. BTW = By the way
10. BRB = Be right back
11. TYT = Take your time
12. SMH = Shaking my head
13. TTYL = Talk to you later
14. FYI = For your information
15. TMI = Too much information
16. ASAP = As soon as possible
17. IMHO = In my humble opinion
18. TBH = To be honest
19. LMK = Let me know
20. IDC = I don’t care
21. ROFL = Rolling on the floor laughing
22. BFF = Best friends forever
23. YOLO = You only live once
24. IRL = In real life
25. NVM = Never mind
26. IKR = I know, right?
27. ICYMI = In case you missed it
28. FOMO = Fear of missing out
29. WYD = What are you doing?
30. FAQ = Frequently asked questions
Damaged or Poor Physical Condition of Objects
🔹Stained
= Discolored by liquid, dirt, or marks that are hard to remove.
(Picture: coffee ring on a white countertop.)
Example:
“The white shirt is stained with coffee.”
✍️Related: a stain (noun), to stain (verb). Common with clothes, carpets, walls, or tables.
🔹Frayed
= Worn so that the threads or fibers come loose and stick out.
(Picture: rope or twine starting to unravel.)
Example: “The old rope is frayed and might break.”
✍️Often used for fabric, rope, carpets, or electrical cords.
🔹Rusted (or rusty)
= Covered with rust (the reddish-brown coating that forms on iron or steel when it gets wet and reacts with air).
(Picture: an old padlock.)
Example:
“The lock is rusted and won’t open.”
✍️Note: “Rusty” is the more common everyday form. Metal tools, bikes, cars, and outdoor equipment often rust.
🔹Cracked
= Having a line or break in the surface, but the pieces are still mostly together.
(Picture: a glass flask with a star-shaped crack.)
Example:
“Be careful; the glass is cracked.”
✍️Used for glass, pottery, screens, walls, or ice. Different from “broken” (completely in pieces) or “chipped” (small piece missing).
🔹Water damaged
= Harmed by water (warped, stained, swollen, or ruined).
(Picture: old books that look wet and warped.)
Example:
“The books were water damaged in the flood.”
✍️Common with paper, wood, electronics, and furniture. You can also say “water-damaged” (with a hyphen when used before a noun).
🔹Moldy
= Covered with mold (a fuzzy fungus that grows in damp places).
(Picture: a shoe with greenish mold.)
Example:
“The bread became moldy after a week.”
✍️Related: mold (noun/verb), mildew (similar but often lighter). Appears on food, clothes, walls, and shoes in humid conditions. Pronunciation tip: “mold-ee.”
🔹Broken
= Damaged so that it no longer works or is in pieces/separated.
(Picture: eyeglasses with a broken frame/arm.)
Example:
“My glasses are broken; I need to get them fixed.”
✍️Very general word; can apply to almost anything (toys, machines, bones, hearts in a figurative sense).
🔹Faded
= Lost its original bright color because of sunlight, washing, or age.
(Picture: a green T-shirt that has become pale.)
Example:
“The curtains are faded from the sun.”
✍️Common with clothes, photos, paint, and posters. Opposite idea: vibrant or bright.
🔹Stretched
= Pulled so that it is longer, looser, or out of its original shape.
(Picture: a leather belt that looks expanded.)
Example:
“These shoes are stretched and too big for me now.”
✍️Used for elastic, leather, fabric, or muscles. Note: “stretched out” is also common.
🔹Corroded
= Eaten away or damaged by chemical reaction (often looks crusty or powdery).
(Picture: old batteries with white/green crust.)
Example:
“The batteries are corroded and leaked.”
✍️Similar to rusted but can affect other metals or materials; common with batteries, pipes, and metal parts exposed to chemicals or moisture.
🔹Frayed edge
= The edge of fabric or material that has become loose and ragged (threads sticking out).
(Picture: a scarf or cloth with messy edges.)
Example: “The blanket has a frayed edge.”
✍️This is a more specific use of “frayed.” You can also say “the edges are frayed.”
🔹Flat: (For tires or balls)
= Having no air pressure, so it is collapsed.
(Picture: a bicycle tire with no air.)
Example:
“I have a flat tire; I need to pump it up or change it.”
✍️Also used for other things that should be inflated. Different meaning from “flat” as in a level surface or an apartment.
✍️Extra helpful notes✍️
🔸Many of these words can be used before a noun (“a stained shirt”) or after a linking verb (“The shirt is stained”).
🔸You can often make the verb form: stain → stained, fray → frayed, rust → rusted, crack → cracked, break → broken, fade → faded, stretch → stretched, corrode → corroded.
🔸Related useful words: torn (ripped), dented (pushed in), scratched (surface lines), chipped (small piece missing), worn (used a lot and looking old), damaged (general word for any harm).
🔸Context matters: “flat” for a tire is different from “flat” for soda (no bubbles) or a “flat” apartment.
🔸In conversation, people often add “a bit,” “slightly,” or “badly”: “It’s a bit frayed” or “It’s badly water damaged.”
✍️Practice tip:
Look around your home or classroom and try to describe real objects using these words.
For example:
“My notebook is water damaged,”
“The old key is rusted,”
“This towel has a frayed edge.”
100 YouTube Channels That’ll Actually Make You Smarter 🎯
If you’re serious about learning faster (without boring textbooks), this list is gold.
From science and tech to psychology, finance, and creativity these channels cover it all:
🔬 Science & Tech
• Vsauce: https://t.co/BeiFlCHkkn
• SciShow: https://t.co/OCFKYm505e
• Veritasium: https://t.co/TZG4roZAjs
• Kurzgesagt: https://t.co/Xk9RrKU50v
• AsapSCIENCE: https://t.co/BFVTniIymo
🧠 Philosophy & Thinking
• https://t.co/izX2GksOy9: https://t.co/brfWwTNUNM…
• Philosophy Tube: https://t.co/CAbFzgqsM0
• Academy of Ideas: https://t.co/GMxoWkYyPn
• The School of Life: https://t.co/Qm4DfhxprT…
• Wireless Philosophy: https://t.co/K9gCEK8JD9…
⚛️ Physics
• Fermilab: https://t.co/4upkONuPZf
• Physics Girl: https://t.co/0NXttCdvMR
• MinutePhysics: https://t.co/RHNGlZ7nm8
• ScienceClic English: https://t.co/CsfX6hit3E
• Scienceclic Universe: https://t.co/jDtPsPd6yV…
💻 Code & Programming
• freeCodeCamp: https://t.co/LVDUvP2YPl
• Traversy Media: https://t.co/1bP9FCvPR7
• Programming with Mosh: https://t.co/S6VH7rcFK4…
• The Coding Train: https://t.co/3FOzf4uWL9
• CS Dojo: https://t.co/nHqBhnQS0n
📈 Economics & Finance
• Two Cents: https://t.co/XyMjbVx5Od
�� Graham Stephan: https://t.co/Yn5ca544h1
• Economics Explained: https://t.co/PgFviMM1Sj…
• The Plain Bagel: https://t.co/Q6aRMzbZ8M
🧮 Mathematics
• 3Blue1Brown: https://t.co/ACzzUaiPAl
• Khan Academy: https://t.co/r7sgZRpYHF
• PatrickJMT: https://t.co/zuPP7gJxYM
• Tibees: https://t.co/Ti5aS4YHqe
🚀 Astronomy & Space
• SEA: https://t.co/MV63iY0fu9
• PBS Space Time: https://t.co/45to3W3VNY
• Anton Petrov: https://t.co/H56nHehld7
• Fraser Cain: https://t.co/D4gLcbM9jK
🎨 Art & Design
• Proko: https://t.co/lYKHH376RY
• Jazza: https://t.co/0IO3GnlcxV
• Sycra: https://t.co/X6RGuWIRPo
🧩 Psychology & Personal Growth
• Psych2Go: https://t.co/xPSMT2sFE7
• Andrew Huberman: https://t.co/uj454KlGec
• Ali Abdaal: https://t.co/L8O5NYDaUb
• Matt D’Avella: https://t.co/y50gUKILdt
The internet is full of distractions.
But it’s also one of the greatest universities ever created if you follow the right creators.
📌 Save this you’ll keep coming back to it.
Which YouTube channel has taught you the most? 👇
Follow me @Tanaypawar27 for more.