Five fondamental facts about Jesus flagellation.
1. The flagellation was intended to humiliate and degrade Jesus, to break his spirit and intimidate those who would dare to challenge Roman authority.
2. Jesus was likely whipped with a flagrum, a short whip with leather thongs embedded with metal, bone, or lead.
3. Up to 40 lashes were given with a whip that had lead, bone, and glass embedded at its tips, which shredded the back of Jesus.
4. The scourging produced deep stripelike lacerations and appreciable blood loss, and it probably set the stage for hypovolemic shock.
5. Jesus was stripped of his clothes and tied to a pillar, where he cried out in pain, his body writhing in agony while others jeered and mocked him.