At any given time in a healthy adult, only 4-5 grams (about a spoonful) of sugar circulates in the blood.
To keep blood sugar in this range, glucose metabolism is tightly regulated by two opposing hormones.
First hormone is Insulin that drives glucose into liver, fat and muscle cells once it enters the bloodstream.
Second hormone is glucagon that breaks down glycogen in the liver to glucose in situations where thereβs no glucose in the blood.
Both hormones are secreted by the pancreas.