take the time out to listen to what plans brs had for musi Beautification and why it was delayed.
1. stps
2. Bridges
3. Checkdams
4. Water from kondapochamma sagar
@D_SudheerReddy clarifies why brs didn’t undertake demolition.
My VVPAT machine((Delhi, Matiala, Booth 96) printed the wrong symbol although the EVM machine red bulb glowed correctly. I complained to the presiding officer who directed me to nodal officer who then directed me to sector officer. All of them asked me not to complain ! (1/n)
Longish Thread👇
As we come to end of the year, I want to dedicate this thread to the tax-payer funded sentinel of pseudo-science in India, our esteemed @moayush
1/n
Did you think the Covid-19 virus was insane and terrible?
Wait until you hear about...
...Hepatitis C Virus vs. Human.
And how the deadly microscopic organism hides in plain sight to terrifyingly destroy the hosts’ liver.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a fantastic organism.
When it infects humans, the majority do not get symptoms.
The infection becomes chronic in many and slow and steady the virus eats away at the liver cells, leading to cirrhosis and liver cancer.
Once inside, being an RNA virus, it must make copies of itself, to infect new cells, without being detected by the human immune defences.
Scientists have long known that the HCV evades human immune surveillance and detection, like most other viruses, but were unsure how.
There is this constant battle between medical scientists, clinicians, and the virus – former groups trying to detect and defeat it while the latter trying its best to avoid being detected and defeated.
And the virus was winning all this while.
Until now.
Professor Jeppe Vinther and his team, primarily led by Anna Sherwood and Lizandro Rivera-Rangel from the Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark did the unthinkable.
They used a strange characteristic, seen only inside a plant, called Arabidopsis, also known as the Rockcress.
But let me come to that later.
RNA molecules have a special property. They have a protecting group of molecules at one end, called as a cap. The caps have many functions, but an important one is to send a message to the immune system – a kind of friendly handshake that screams: Leave us alone! Do not destroy us!
Virus RNA does not have caps. So, once they invade the body, the alarm bell rings and the human immune system gets activated to kill foreign RNA.
Except in the case of HCV. All this while, scientists also though HCV did not have such a cap. But then, it did and the cap that it has features a molecule present in humans – called FAD or Flavin adenine dinucleotide, a composite of Vitamin B2 and another energy yielding molecule called ATP.
Now this is crazy. The presence of FAD which is a human style molecule, at one of the cap of HCV RNA helps it escape immune surveillance.
But how did they figure it out?
The Rockcress plant. It has a special enzyme that can split FAD.
So, when FAD is split, it ceases to exist.
So, the researcher did something cool. They put the enzyme on the virus, saw the FAD getting split and in a matter of seconds, saw that the immune cells were pouncing on the virus RNA material.
The mask was unveiled. The camouflage no more.
Now that we now know how this little f*ck*r escapes our immune system to kill the liver, its game on.
Sources:
Hepatitis C virus RNA is 5′-capped with flavin adenine dinucleotide - https://t.co/pWeFXqwIis
Hep C has a secret strategy to evade the immune system. And now we know what it is - https://t.co/LvLnXZdFnC