For twenty years, a biologist dangled from a helicopter on a hundred-foot line, landed in bald eagle nests on the cliffs of Santa Catalina Island, swapped the real eggs for resin fakes, and flew away before the parents killed him.
The eagles sat on the fake eggs for weeks. The real eggs were incubated in a lab. When the chicks hatched, the biologist flew back, removed the fakes, placed the live chicks in the nest, and left. The parents never knew.
Peter Sharpe did this up to four times a year from 1989 to 2009.
The reason was DDT. The Montrose Chemical Corporation manufactured DDT in Los Angeles from 1947 to 1982 and discharged waste into the sewer system, which emptied into the Pacific Ocean off the Palos Verdes Peninsula. Hundreds of tons of DDT and its metabolite DDE settled into the ocean sediment along the Southern California coast. The contamination entered the marine food web. Fish absorbed it. Bald eagles ate the fish. DDE accumulated in the eagles' tissues and interfered with calcium metabolism during egg formation. The shells came out thin. When a twelve-pound eagle sat on a thin-shelled egg, the egg collapsed.
DDT was banned in the United States in 1972, but the chemical does not leave the environment on a human timeline. DDE persists in ocean sediment and continues cycling through the food web decades after the last drop was manufactured. The eagles on the Channel Islands were eating contaminated fish in 2009 the same way they were eating contaminated fish in 1972. The eggshells were still too thin.
The Institute for Wildlife Studies began reintroducing bald eagles to Catalina Island in 1980. Between 1980 and 1986, thirty-three young eagles raised in captivity were released from hacking towers on the island. The birds matured. They paired. They built nests on the cliff ledges overlooking the Pacific. In 1987, the first eggs were laid. Every one of them broke.
IWS biologist Dave Garcelon analyzed the remains and found DDE concentrations high enough to explain the shell failure. The eggs were too fragile to survive incubation. The adult eagles were healthy, paired, nesting, and doing everything right. Their eggs were killing their own chicks before the chicks could form.
In 1989, the egg manipulation program began. Sharpe and the IWS team developed a protocol that sounds like a heist. They monitored every known nest on the island. When a pair laid eggs, they called in the helicopter. The pilot positioned the aircraft above the nest site, which was typically on an exposed rock ledge on a sea cliff face. Sharpe was lowered on a long line, sometimes a hundred feet, with a box of resin replica eggs. He landed in the nest. The adult eagles were nearby, agitated, sharp-taloned, and fully capable of inflicting serious injury. He removed the real eggs, placed the fakes, secured the real eggs in padded containers, and signaled the pilot to extract him. The whole swap took minutes.
The real eggs were transported to the Santa Cruz Predatory Bird Research Group at UC Santa Cruz or to the Avian Conservation Center at the San Francisco Zoo. There, in temperature and humidity-controlled incubators, the eggs were given the stable conditions their shells could not provide in the wild. The hatching success rate of removed eggs was roughly twenty percent. One in five survived. The rest were too damaged by DDE to develop even under perfect artificial conditions.
The chicks that hatched were flown back to Catalina and fostered into the nests. Sharpe repeated the helicopter descent, removed the fake eggs, placed the live chicks among the nesting material, and left. The adult eagles accepted the chicks as their own. They had been incubating what they believed were their eggs for weeks. When a chick appeared in the nest, their parental behavior activated. They fed it. They brooded it. They raised it to fledging age.
Good. Let's talk about Marwan Barghouti.
Imprisoned for 25 years.
An inter-Parliamentary Union report found he was not given a fair trial.
Nelson Mandela: “What is happening to Barghouti is exactly the same as what happened to me."
Free Marwan.
https://t.co/EoTcJkttRd
Australian foreign minister Penny Wong refuses to answer @DavidShoebridge question about Australian woman who was raped by Israel.
She claims the question “disrupts “social cohesion”. Shoebridge answers, “You know what disrupts social cohesion? Selling weapons parts to Israel”.
It’s ironic for @SenatorWong to talk about social cohesion when she clearly places Jewish lives above all others.
- She blocked me when I asked her how many Palestinians have to die before she recognises Palestine.
-She made a comment about 16 syrian children in the Golan only when she was wrongfully told they were Israeli. She never said a word about Palestinian children.
Penny Wong says she believes Israeli soldiers sexually assaulted and abused Australian women after Gaza flotilla
THAT'S NICE MS WONG. SO WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO DO ABOUT IT? https://t.co/YwxnYluByf #auspol#FreePalestine
@WestminsterWAG Conflating Israel with Judaism is an example of anti-Semitism, Sarah.
Are you an antisemite, Sarah ?
Are you opposed to potential war-criminals being identified and brought to justice, Sarah ?
Or, would you grant immunity to war-criminals of a certain nationality or race ?
We're going to have to repeat a lot that many Jewish people don't support Israel's genocide.
Criticism of the Israeli Government and their war crimes has nothing to do with who is or isn't Jewish.
To conflate them like this is both harmful and antisemitic.
A Welsh bloke has turned up in our garden. He says the garden is his because he’s a descendant of an Ancient British tribe who lived there. Fair enough.