Our new scientific paper: the pump and hormone spikes aren’t primary drivers of muscle growth.
Tension is. That means you need to train with a high level of effort, close to failure, to maximize muscle growth.
Acute spikes in hormones (testosterone, GH, IGF-1) within the natural range don’t meaningfully contribute.
The pump isn’t a key player, but may play a supporting role.
Key takeaway: prioritize high-effort tension.
Shoutout to the research team at McMaster for helping get this project done!