The Hiwa Party
Hiwa was the first big party in southern Kurdistan. It existed from 1938 to 1945 under the leadership of Rafiq Hilmi.
Darker and the beginning of Hiwa
Hiwa has its origin in the nationalistic student organization “Darker”, which was established in september 1937 in Kerkûk (Karim 2025: 1). There are different names mentioned in the sources, but Younis Raouf (Dildar) was the mind behind Darker as he was the one who came up with the idea to establish a nationalistic group and was the leader of that group. The name Darker means “Charcoal Burner” and was inspired by the Italian Carbonari movement, where the name has the same meaning. Darker had the goal to free all parts of Kurdistan and unite it into a single independent state (Karim 2025: 2).
Darker itself didn’t last long. In their first congress in June 1938 the members decided to change this secret student organization into a political party and had the idea to invite prominent personalities of their time to become their new leader. Tofiq Wahbi, Rafiq Hilmi, Amin Azadi Bag and Jamal Baban were mentioned at the meeting, but in the end Darker contacted Rafiq Hilmi. Darker and Hilmi met in Shaqlawa, where agreed to join the new party, however under the condition that the name of the Party would become “Hîwa”. The idea was to name this party after the “Kürt Telebi Hevi Cemiyeti”, a Kurdish student organisation from 1912, one of the first Kurdish organizations, in which Rafiq Hilmi was a member too (Karim 2025: 3), and adopted the joining ritual of Darker where one had to swear on god, the quran and the Kurdish dagger, that he will be loyal to his nation and die for the fatherland to become a member. The Hiwa party was ultimately established in Shaqlawa. 1941 two other Kurdish parties, the Komalay Brayeti and Komalay Azadi Kurd, joined Hiwa (Abdulla 1999: 60).
Structure and Ideology of Hiwa
Hiwa had a pan-nationalistic ideology, but their exact program is not known, since no written manifest was left behind. Hiwa was able to unite Kurds from all classes of the society and political spectrum in its early days (Abdulla 1999: 61).
Dr. Mustafa Muhamad Karim identified 4 main goals of Hiwa, which he divided into far goals and close goals (Karim 2025: 6):
1. Far goal: independent and unified Kurdistan
2. Close goal: To call for the right of self-governance for Kurds
3. Kurdish language should be official and used in schools and state institutions in the Kurdish areas
4. Kurds should be employed as civil servant in the Kurdish area and Kurds should have a voice in the parliament
What divided the party ideologically, which would be the main reason for its downfall, was that Hiwa was divided into, what historians call, “Sovîet xwayî” (left-wing) and “Înglîz xwayî” (right wing). The left-wing in Hiwa preferred a cooperation with the UDSSR, while the right-wing in Hiwa with the UK (Abdulla 1999: 62).
Hiwa and the Barzani uprising
With the help of Sheikh Latif and Hiwa, Mustafa Barzani was able to return to Barzan from Rojhelat (Abdulla 1999: 62). When the Barzanis revolted 1943, Hiwa was divided wether to support them or not, fearing it could damage any hope for good relations with the UK. The left wing of the party supported the revolt and many believed that Hiwa should have an active role, while the right wing was skeptical at the beginning it later agreed to support it (Karim 2025: 16).
In december 1943 Nuri as-Said, the premier minister at that time, formed a new cabinet and created a new ministry for solving “the Kurdish question” and appointed Majid Mustafa. His main task was to negotiate with Mustafa Barzani. Majid Mustafa also contacted the Hiwa party and told them that he accepted this ministry for the advantage of Kurds and with time he became very influential inside the party (Karim 2025: 20).
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Picture: Rafiq Hilmi the leader of the Hiwa party
At this point, given the reckless Israeli disInformation campaign which targets Kurds, the Iraqi Kurdish decision makers need to come out and reject these Israeli claims without ifs or buts. Kurds must not pay for the blunders of the supremacist Jewish state.
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@Ceciliaa_u@madamearethusa You Assyrian slut wherever you go you get ran through by everyone. You disgusting whore are the last one to call other people whore.
As far as I know Ihsan Nuri Pasha also married a turkish woman and I see him currently as the best leader we ever had.
Marry who you want as long as you assimilate her and teach your children kurdish.
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