The people above the impact in the WTC's North Tower on September 11, 2001, possibly faced the worst situation and death among all the victims of the attacks on that day.
American Airlines Flight 11 struck 1 World Trade Center at a.m., roughly from the 93rd through the 99th floors. In that building the hit destroyed or blocked all three stairwells. Fire and debris filled the core.
Anyone on about the 92nd floor and higher had no intact downward route. The South Tower, hit later, still had one stairwell that some people above the impact used. Below the North Tower impact, thousands also walked down. But above the wound, no one who was still in those offices after the strike got out.
Roof rescue, which some expected from drills or from the 1993 bombing memory, was not available. Heat and smoke made a helicopter landing impossible. Roof access was not an open escape. Windows, smoke, and rising temperature left people with a fire they could not pass and a clock they could not stop.
Smoke filled the upper floors. Flames advanced through the offices. People broke windows for air. Some fell or jumped.
The North Tower stood until 10.28 a.m., a little more than an hour and forty minutes after the impact. That interval was long enough for phone calls and for the full knowledge that the end was near.
Other victims that day died in the aircraft, in the South Tower, on the street, in the collapse, or as rescuers. Those deaths were not lesser. But the particular cruelty of the upper North Tower was that the building still stood long enough for people to know they would not leave it, as shown by these dramatic images.
Twenty five years ago today, a 26 year old rookie fighter pilot took off from Andrews with no missiles, no bullets that mattered, and orders that meant she was not coming back.
Heather Penney was a first lieutenant in the 121st Fighter Squadron, DC Air National Guard, the Capital Guardians. She had been flying F-16s for a short time and she was the only woman in her class. Her father, John Penney, was a retired Air Force colonel who had flown in Vietnam and was then flying airliners for United.
That morning both towers were burning, the Pentagon had been hit, and there was a fourth airliner still in the sky heading for Washington. United 93.
The alert jets that normally sit armed on the ramp were not available. The squadron's F-16s were loaded with roughly a hundred rounds of non explosive training ammunition, ballast used to keep the aircraft in trim. No AIM-9s. No AIM-120s. Nothing that would bring down a Boeing 757.
Lieutenant Colonel Marc Sasseville looked at her and said he would take the cockpit. She said she would take the tail.
That was the entire plan. Two unarmed fighters would fly into a loaded airliner, aimed like darts at a jet almost seven times their weight, because there was no other way to stop it before it reached the Capitol or the White House.
Penney has said she thought about ejecting at the last second and decided against it. She did not trust herself to stay on target if part of her was thinking about getting out.
They ran to the jets, skipped most of the checks, and pushed the throttles up before the engines were properly warm. She said later that she was going to be a missile with wings.
What she did not know, what nobody in the cockpit knew, is that it was already over. At 10:03 United 93 went into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania, nose down at roughly 580 miles an hour, because forty passengers and crew had taken a vote, boiled water, grabbed a drink cart and gone up the aisle at the men who had taken their airplane.
Penney and Sasseville flew for about an hour and a half looking for a plane that no longer existed, then escorted Air Force One back toward Washington.
She flew two tours in Iraq and made major. For years afterward she refused to be called the hero of that story. Her line was that the real ones were already dead in a Pennsylvania field, and that they were ordinary people, mothers and fathers and schoolteachers and salesmen, who figured out what was happening and did the math faster than the United States Air Force could get a jet off the ground.
They did with their bare hands what she was willing to do with a fighter.
A Roman water boiler dating to the 1st century BC was discovered in a villa in Boscoreale, Italy. Remarkably, it survived with its network of pipes and fittings intact, making it one of the rarest and best-preserved examples of ancient Roman plumbing technology.
The boiler was uncovered in 1896 within the private bath complex of Villa della Pisanella, a Roman country estate near Pompeii. Its remarkable preservation offers archaeologists a rare glimpse into how wealthy Romans heated and circulated water more than 2,000 years ago.
The system featured a cold-water reservoir linked by lead pipes to a cylindrical metal boiler called a miliarium. Heated from below by a furnace, the boiler worked alongside pipes, valves, and taps that directed hot and cold water throughout the villa’s bathing rooms.
This sophisticated setup allowed residents to pass between hot, warm, and cold bathing areas, providing an experience similar to the elaborate facilities typically found in large Roman public bathhouses.
Villa della Pisanella was more than an elegant residence. It also functioned as a productive agricultural estate, complete with storage areas, wine presses, animal stalls, and numerous large containers buried underground for storing wine. The villa shows how prosperous rural estates combined agricultural production with the luxuries enjoyed by Rome’s upper class.
The villa and much of its equipment were preserved when Mount Vesuvius buried the Boscoreale area during the eruption of AD 79. Because ancient metal plumbing was often removed and melted down in later centuries, the survival of such a complete system is exceptionally uncommon.
Villa della Pisanella was also the site of the Boscoreale Treasure, a collection of more than 100 pieces of Roman silverware. The valuable objects had been concealed inside a storage cistern before the eruption of Vesuvius.
A decade ago, not a single U.S. publicly traded company was worth $1 trillion.
Today, there are 12.
And Anthropic could soon make it 13, with an IPO expected this fall at a valuation potentially approaching $2 trillion.
"Why do people play golf?" Sean Connery was once asked, and he gave a brilliant answer.
"If you play golf, you can’t think, honestly, or do anything else while you’re playing.
"I think it’s the most revealing game. I don’t know if it’s a game. It’s something other than a game. I couldn’t define it.
"But it’s obsessive and revealing and a very healthy balancing act, I think. It certainly is for me, and also it’s one of the few games in the world that’s really still got dignity as a game.
"It’s endless, and as Jack Nicklaus says, it’s an unfair game and you have to accept it. It’s like life in that way.
"It’s also a game that you can cheat it. It’s the easiest game in the world to cheat at. The only one that suffers is you, because you know. And you can’t unknow."
Almost every technology boom creates a bubble, then a bust, whether it’s railroads, the Industrial Revolution, or the late 1920s.
Think about the late '20s: electricity, refrigeration, telephones, radios, airplanes, and cars were all emerging at once. Naturally, people wanted to invest in these miracles.
The danger is that people fail to distinguish the miracle from the investment. A technology can be truly transformative, but if the stocks are priced too high or bought on debt, you get a crash. That is the mechanics behind how bubbles form and burst.
New technology will be great, there is no doubt about that, but we always have to ask: great for whom, does it pay, and are we paying too much for the miracle?
It was great discussing this and other topics with Masterclass CEO David Rogier and future members of the @MasterClass Executive program. You can learn more about the program here: https://t.co/9wMKPLsuTY
#Investing #Economy #EconomicCycles #Markets
Only 27 companies in the S&P 500 are "expensive" with a forward P/E above 40x.
That's the same number as the 2022 bear market and 2020 COVID crash.
Yet the index just closed 1.8% from its record high.
Unreal chart from @mattcerminaro.