Dr.Fernandezcar

MD Neurologist, Autoimmune Neurology & Neuroimmunology program HCVB. Romance languages student, Poet & Polyglot 🇨🇱🇫🇷🇮🇹🇬🇧
Onconeural antibodies 👨‍⚕️

[Alberto Vogrig @Vogrig_Alberto]

Sono lieto di condividere il primo episodio della nuova stagione di #Neuropod della @sinneurologia 🎙️🧠
Focus su encefaliti autoimmuni: diagnosi, esami e strategie terapeutiche, dalla fase iniziale alla gestione a lungo termine.
👉🏼 Guarda il video!
https://t.co/GEeNYVyBD8

[Dr.Fernandezcar @DFernandezcar]

Paraneoplastic myelopathies 👌
➡️Asymmetric weakness, paresthesias, severe neuropathic pain, sensory ataxia, bladder dysfunction, orthostatic intolerance
➡️MRI spine: longitudinally extensive, tract-specific T2 lesions

Most common:
1⃣ Amphiphysin 2⃣ CRMP5 3⃣ Hu

[Andreu Vilaseca @andreuvilaseca7]

A positive MOG antibody result does not always mean MOGAD‼️
TRUE MOGAD Score helps neurologists worldwide estimate whether a positive MOG result is truly clinically meaningful.
Proud collaboration between @MayoClinic and @JohnsHopkins

Scan the QR code below to access the tool 👇🏽

[Dr.Fernandezcar @DFernandezcar]

It is an honor to contribute to this study.
In anti-NMDAR encephalitis with prolonged disorders of consciousness (≥9 months)
▶️about two-thirds achieved substantial or full recovery over long-term follow-up.
▶️Older age and higher NEOS scores increase mortality
🧠👌

[Dr.Fernandezcar @DFernandezcar]

Privileged to contribute to research on NMDA encephalitis with prolonged disorders of consciousness.👌

[Neuroimmunology Clinic Barcelona @neuroimmuclinic]

🚀 We are sharing our last work! Complications, outcomes, and implications of a prolonged vegetative state in anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: a retrospective international cohort study
https://t.co/JwjqJ1QIXj

[Dr.Fernandezcar @DFernandezcar]

Remote attendance at the outstanding Neuroimmunology & Autoimmune Neurology course by Clinic Barcelona.
Insightful discussions on stiff-person syndrome, autoimmune encephalitis, and anti-IgLON5 disease.
#Neuroimmunology #AutoimmuneNeurology #IgLON5 #StiffPersonSyndrome

[Alberto Vogrig @Vogrig_Alberto]

⚡New #PNS study!
In a population-based cohort of 878 patients evaluated for suspected @paraneoplastic syndromes, alternative diagnoses were common, especially in patients <55 and those without high-risk syndromes. The PNS DDx Score was developed⬇️
👉 : https://t.co/Tbi96Dkybj

[Dr.Fernandezcar @DFernandezcar]

This constitutes a significant diagnostic challenge, particularly in neuromuscular disorders, where many paraneoplastic phenotypes are non-classical and often overlap with other neurological conditions.

[Alberto Vogrig @Vogrig_Alberto]

⚡New #PNS study!
In a population-based cohort of 878 patients evaluated for suspected @paraneoplastic syndromes, alternative diagnoses were common, especially in patients <55 and those without high-risk syndromes. The PNS DDx Score was developed⬇️
👉 : https://t.co/Tbi96Dkybj

[Andreu Vilaseca @andreuvilaseca7]

Always important to see what our rheumatology colleagues are doing:👇🏽
Here on inhibitory checkpoints in autoimmune disease.
TIGIT is particularly interesting, as it inhibits effector T-cell function while also promoting Treg activity.
Nice review in @NaturePortfolio on the field!

[Brain @Brain1878]

Chiaro et al. describe the long-term natural history of a cohort of patients with isolated autonomic failure, and validate a predictive model to help identify patients at risk of phenoconversion to more widespread synucleinopathy. https://t.co/uv5WWHUQrJ; https://t.co/dbVSAYTa5S

[Dr.Fernandezcar @DFernandezcar]

▶️When after-discharges follow the CMAP and the F-wave is unrecognizable, Morvan syndrome is the most likely diagnosis.
👌🧠

[Dr.Fernandezcar @DFernandezcar]

▶️Anti-Ma2 antibodies are not exclusively paraneoplastic, as nearly 30 % had no detectable cancer
▶️ Idiopatic Ma2 cases showed a slower, more insidious onset.
▶️MRI and CSF inflammatory findings did not differ, while EEG abnormalities were more frequent in I-Ma2.

[Dr.Fernandezcar @DFernandezcar]

▶️Morvan syndrome is an autoimmune peripheral nerve hyperexcitability disorder.
▶️It features neuromyotonia, autonomic dysfunction, and severe insomnia.
•It involves both the PNS and CNS.
•Strongly associated with CASPR2 (± LGI1) antibodies and sometimes thymoma.

[Dr.Fernandezcar @DFernandezcar]

6. Autonomic and respiratory dysfunction
NMDARs in the preBötzinger complex and nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) participate in respiratory rhythm generation and baroreceptor reflexes🧠👌👍

[Dr.Fernandezcar @DFernandezcar]

NMDAR 👌
1.The alteration of long-term potentiation at CA3–CA1 synapses leads to episodic amnesia and difficulties in learning and working memory.
2.Dysfunction of pyramidal neurons and parvalbumin-positive interneurons results in deficits in working memory, and e. functions ⏬️

[Dr.Fernandezcar @DFernandezcar]

3.Alteration of fronto-temporo-hippocampal networks disrupts cognitive inhibition.

4. Reduction of NMDARs in GABAergic interneurons causes loss of gamma oscillations and global desynchronization, contributing to psychotic symptoms and epileptic seizures. ⏬️⏬️⏬️

[Dr.Fernandezcar @DFernandezcar]

5. Sleep
NMDARs in GABAergic neurons of the lateral preoptic area regulate NREM sleep.
Their dysfunction → severe insomnia during the acute phase.
The REM pattern and sleep consolidation are also altered.⏬️⏬️⏬️.

[Dr.Fernandezcar @DFernandezcar]

▶️This study identifies painful amaurosis fugax as a rare prodrome of optic neuritis in MOGAD.
▶️In 2.3% of patients, brief painful visual loss (median 15 minutes) preceded optic neuritis within days. 🧠👌

[Dr.Fernandezcar @DFernandezcar]

Proud to present at ECTRIMS 2025
We are honored to present our poster “Impact of McDonald 2024 Criteria on Early Diagnosis of MS in a Chilean Cohort with Clinically and Radiologically Isolated Syndromes” at ECTRIMS 2025 in Barcelona. With @jeipimansilla 🧠