In 1997, five old men were flown to the White House so that a President of the United States could apologise to them in person.
They were the last survivors of the Tuskegee syphilis study.
The oldest man to speak was ninety-four. He had been lied to by the United States government for forty years.
Herman Shaw.
The study ran from 1932 to 1972. Six hundred Black men in Macon County, Alabama — three hundred and ninety-nine of them with syphilis — were told they were being treated for "bad blood."
They were not treated. That was the point. The researchers wanted to watch the disease run its full course to death and then examine the bodies.
When penicillin became the standard cure in the 1940s, the men were deliberately kept away from it.
The study's staff intervened to stop them being treated elsewhere, including through the draft board.
It was ended in 1972 only because a whistleblower went to the press.
By the time of the apology, only eight of the men were still alive. Five were well enough to travel.
Herman Shaw stood at the podium in the East Room, at ninety-four, and spoke. He said the wounds that were inflicted could never be undone, but that he was there in the hope that it would never happen again and that it could begin to heal.
He had been a farmer his whole life. He had gone to the clinic because he was told he was being cared for.
The President apologised and said what the government had done was shameful.
That is the whole story. Forty years of being watched. Twenty-five more years of nothing. Then an hour in a nice room, and five old men, and the word sorry.
The Tuskegee survivors deserved more than an apology—they deserved to have what was done to them remembered. We created an ebook to keep these histories from being buried again https://t.co/V6OJtayKnF
In 1939, 20-year-old Jesse Lee Bond was lynched in Tennessee after asking a store for a receipt. More than eight decades later, his great-granddaughter, Kyra Harris Bolden, made history at just 34 years old as the first Black woman to serve on the Michigan Supreme Court.
Montgomery's bus boycott ran for 381 days. It needed cars, gas, insurance and drivers — and money that could not be traced to anyone who could be fired for giving it.
A cook solved that problem with pound cake. Georgia Gilmore. She had testified in court about being thrown off a bus, and lost her job for it. Dr. King helped her set up a kitchen in her own house.
Then she organized women across Montgomery into a fundraising operation she deliberately named the Club From Nowhere — so that when the money arrived at mass meetings, nobody could be identified, targeted, or sacked.
They sold sweet potato pies, fried fish and pound cake at beauty shops and on street corners, week after week, for over a year.
Her kitchen fed the movement and funded the carpools. King ate at her table. Kennedy ate at her table.
The boycott is remembered as speeches and lawsuits. It ran on pie money from women nobody was writing down.
Georgia Gilmore’s story is one of the many stories in black history that is never spoken about. Black history is not only about the famous names. It’s also about the people whose courage, sacrifice, and stories were nearly forgotten.
Tulsa was not the only anti-Black massacre in American history. From New Orleans and Colfax to Wilmington, Elaine, Rosewood, Ocoee, and many others, racial violence devastated Black communities across the United States, destroying lives, homes, businesses, and generations of progress. While this map is not exhaustive, it serves as a reminder that these events were part of a broader history that deserves to be remembered, studied, and discussed rather than forgotten.
@LucasSa56947288 “I pitty the fool”who falls for this bullshit again… need I say cultish!!
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@Live462@CoryBooker Proving my point “charged”, if that’s a real case it’s being addressed not allowed, but still not in the masses as you like to believe MAGA DumB… many people don’t know there’s a B 🤣
@Live462@CoryBooker Disingenuous comma placement, Seek help!! Fact check your own incompetence of reality smh…. Loud and wrong MAGA strong
NEWS flash your celebrity and chief has voted mail-in ballot for years both civilly and in office