Dr. Enterocito

👨‍⚕️🧑‍🦲💩/ Gamer 🎮/ Geek 🤓/ Cinéfilo 🎥🍿/ Gryffindor 🔮/ Pokémon Trainer / Nintendo boy / Animal lover 🐱🥰🐶/👬/
SW-7270-3673-0916/PKMN Go 453276166762

[Dr. Enterocito @DrEnterocito]

Si en una colonoscopia encuentras un monito, cuenta como sacar el muñeco de la rosca???🤔

[Dr. Enterocito @DrEnterocito]

#MiAniversarioDeX

[🇲🇽POVMEXICO @POVMexico]

500 years of Mexican history in 3 wars:

🇪🇸 Spanish conquest (1519–1521, Tenochtitlán)

🇲🇽 Mexican independence (1810–1821, Guanajuato)

🖤 Emos vs Punks (2008, CDMX)

[William A. Wallace, Ph.D. @WilliamWallace]

3 types of hunger explained "simply"

Hunger isn’t just about an empty stomach. Your brain receives signals from body composition, hormones, emotions, and even gut microbes. Here’s how the three major types work:

1️⃣ Homeostatic Hunger (Energy Balance Hunger)
This is your body’s “fuel gauge.” It rises and falls based on energy needs and metabolic signals.
What drives it: Ghrelin from the stomach stimulates hunger; leptin from fat cells and incretin hormones (GLP-1, PYY, CCK) reduce it.

What it does: Ensures your intake matches your energy needs for exercise, growth, and tissue repair.

🟢 Example: After a long run, homeostatic hunger pushes you to replace calories and glycogen.

2️⃣ Hedonic Hunger (Reward-Driven Hunger)
This is your “food pleasure” system. It’s triggered by sight, smell, habits, and emotions, not by actual energy needs.
What drives it: Brain reward circuits activated by highly palatable foods (sugar, fat, salt).

What it does: Encourages eating even when you’re not truly hungry. Weak satiety signals make it harder to stop.

🟢 Example: Craving dessert after dinner even though you’re full.

3️⃣ Microbiota-Driven Hunger (Gut Microbe Hunger)
Your gut bacteria also shape hunger signals by producing metabolites that influence hormones and the brain.

What drives it: Microbes generate compounds that mimic hunger or satiety signals, affect insulin, and modulate ghrelin, GLP-1, and PYY.

What it does: Links gut health to appetite regulation and metabolic control.

🟢 Example: Certain bacterial imbalances may increase cravings or weaken satiety, nudging overeating.

[EndoCollab™ | GI Endoscopy Community @EndoCollabcom]

Classification Systems for GI Endoscopy

[Keith Siau @drkeithsiau]

Electrolyte content of bodily fluids - important when considering fluid replacement 💧💡

[Keith Siau @drkeithsiau]

Basics of GI bleeding 🩸💡

[sarah 💊📝 @sarh9ad]

📌 Antiemetics

⭕️ vomiting vs Nausea

▪️Vomiting (known medically as emesis )
is the forceful expulsion of the contents
of the stomach through the mouth and
sometimes the nose.

▪️The feeling that
one is about to vomit is called nausea,
which usually precedes, but does not
always lead to, vomiting.

🔴 What are the five sources of afferent input to the vomiting center?

1️⃣Chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)
2️⃣Cranial nerve X (vagus nerve)
3️⃣Vestibular system via cranial nerve VIII
4️⃣Vagal and enteric nervous system inputs
5️⃣Central nervous system (CNS) from higher brain centers

🔘 What receptors are found in the chemoreceptor trigger zone?
Dopamine D2 receptors, serotonin 5-HT3 receptors, opioid receptors, and acetylcholine receptors

🔘 How does cranial nerve X contribute to vomiting?
It is activated when the pharynx is irritated, leading to the gag reflex

🔘 What role does the vestibular system play in vomiting?

It sends information via cranial nerve VIII and is important in motion sickness. It is rich in muscarinic and histamine H1 receptors.

🔘 How do vagal and enteric nervous system inputs trigger vomiting?

They transmit information about the gastrointestinal state; irritation of the GI mucosa (e.g., by chemotherapy, radiation, distention, infection) activates 5-HT3 receptors.

🔘 How does the CNS contribute to vomiting?

Vomiting can be mediated by psychiatric disorders and stress from higher brain centers.

🔶 What are the causes of vomiting related to the digestive tract?

1️⃣Gastritis (inflammation of the stomach lining, usually viral)
2️⃣Gastroenteritis
3️⃣Bowel obstruction
4️⃣Overeating
5️⃣Food allergies
6️⃣Food poisoning
7️⃣Pregnancy

🔘 What causes vomiting related to the sensory system?

👉🏼 Motion sickness

🔘 What are the causes of vomiting related to the brain?

1️⃣Cerebral hemorrhage
2️⃣Migraine
3️⃣Brain tumors

🔘 What metabolic disturbances can cause vomiting?

1️⃣Hypercalcemia, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia
2️⃣Uremia

⭕️ Drug reaction cause vomiting : A CODS

- Alcohol
- Chemotherapy
- Opioid
- Digoxin
-SSRIs/ Dompaninegic drug ( Antiparkinsonian)

🟢 Classes of antiemetic drugs

1️⃣Serotonin 5 HT3 Antagonists
2️⃣ Dopamine D2 Antagonist
3️⃣ Anticholinergics
4️⃣ H1 Antihistaminics
5️⃣ Cannabinoids
6️⃣ Steroids
7️⃣ Others, as anxiolytic;neurokinin-1 blocker

[Keith Siau @drkeithsiau]

GI system assessment - a quick overview. What would you add?

[Keith Siau @drkeithsiau]

The mechanism behind gastroparesis 💡

📸: https://t.co/7Vm2rEH61K

[Dr. Enterocito @DrEnterocito]

@neumocitotipoII @citarabino

[Dr sthanu subramanian @drsthanus]

Liver Enzymes.

https://t.co/CubuIVKXNw

[Keith Siau @drkeithsiau]

Digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats 💡 #4KMedEd

[EndoCollab™ | GI Endoscopy Community @EndoCollabcom]

Abdominal X-Ray Signs by Dr. Robert Mariasi

[Keith Siau @drkeithsiau]

Differences between ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease - what is this missing?

[The Figen @TheFigen_]

Perfect!
Face changing and costume switching magic in a second!

Wuju Opera, Zhejiang.

[Dilo con perritos @DiloConPerritos]

Si muero mientras mi perro sigue vivo, les pido un favor: que lo dejen ver mi cuerpo. Que acerque su hocico a mi mano inmóvil, que llore su dolor sobre mi pecho ahora silencioso. Merece entenderlo.

Los perros conocen la muerte. Y la lloran. ¿Pero desaparecer sin explicación? Eso es crueldad. Eso es abandono. La duda les atormentaría: esperando, espiando, preguntándose por qué nunca volví a casa.

Conozco ese dolor, la agonía de los que se quedan atrás. No quiero infligírselo a quien me amó con la forma más pura de amor. Que mi muerte sea real para él, para que su amor también encuentre la paz.

Un último acto de amor: hacerle saber que no he elegido marcharme.

[Keith Siau @drkeithsiau]

Everything you need to know about reflux 🔥

📸: @my_ueg
https://t.co/eqgYn9IQvs

[Why you should have a cat @ShouldHaveCat]

she said i <3 breathing

[Keith Siau @drkeithsiau]

Management of chronic nausea and vomiting - 2025 @my_ueg guidelines 💡

1️⃣ Causes to rule out
2️⃣ Diagnostic algorithm

📸: @UEGJournal https://t.co/ccJn91XTSD