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Winning the intelligence layer was never going to be enough: models without electrons are stranded assets that can’t percolate. You need the full stack: silicon, steel, and substations.
Batteries are the "lightbulb of the 21st century": their costs are down 50% v. 18 months ago, and 95%+ v. 2010
It's a drastic drop of spectacular proportions, powering the clean energy transformation worldwide
Another one of my charts of the year
Sodium-ion isn’t a #lithium replacement — it’s market segmentation.
It targets use-cases where cost, safety & cold-weather performance matter more than energy density: entry-level EVs, fleets, battery swapping, some stationary storage. Those were never the core drivers of lithium demand.
Lithium still owns the heavy hitters: long-range BEVs, fast-charging platforms, large packs (75–100+ kWh), grid-scale BESS, and now AI/data-centre power. Physics hasn’t changed.
Even CATL frames this as a dual-track future: sodium alongside lithium, not instead of it.
Here’s the counter-intuitive bit markets miss: sodium can increase lithium demand. Cheaper entry EVs widen adoption, accelerate the S-curve, and expand total battery kWh deployed. Lithium demand is driven by energy, not unit count.
Sodium trims the edges. Lithium still owns the core.
https://t.co/ydqAujvohf
I have a @nytimes op-ed today on managing power demand growth w/out driving up rates. Central point: load growth is an opportunity to *offset* upward pressure on rates, if we plan the system to make fuller use of infrastructure we’ve already paid for.
Baby’s first DERVOS. @DER_Task_Force nailed this one. Gang’s all here!! Also excited to be on Energy X (LinkedIn is tweakville). This is going to be fun— I have a lot to say💃