Let's Go through and design scalable system:
1. Never call the email provider directly
Bad design:
API → Email Provider
If the provider fails:
- API blocks
- Requests fail
- Emails are lost
Instead:
API
↓
Message Queue
↓
Email Workers
↓
Email Provider
The API responds immediately.
The queue absorbs traffic spikes.
2. Put every email into a durable queue
Use Kafka, RabbitMQ, or SQS.
Each request becomes an event.
SendEmail
{
userId,
email,
template,
idempotencyKey
}
Even if every worker crashes, the message remains in the queue.
No email is lost.
3. Process emails asynchronously
Workers consume messages from the queue.
Queue
↓
Worker
↓
Provider
Need more throughput?
Add more workers.
The API doesn't change.
4. Retry failures intelligently
If the provider is temporarily unavailable:
- Retry automatically
- Use exponential backoff
- Avoid retry storms
Never retry endlessly.
5. Prevent duplicate emails
Retries happen.
Workers crash.
Network timeouts happen.
Before sending, check an idempotency key.
If the email has already been delivered:
Skip it.
This guarantees one email per request.
6. Support multiple providers
Don't couple your system to one vendor.
Worker
↓
Email Adapter
├── SendGrid
├── Amazon SES
└── Mailgun
If one provider fails,
fail over automatically to another.
Users shouldn't notice.
7. Handle permanent failures
Some emails will never succeed.
Invalid email addresses.
Blocked domains.
After a fixed number of retries:
Move them to a Dead Letter Queue.
Operations can inspect and replay them later.
8. Monitor everything
Track:
- Queue depth
- Retry count
- Delivery success rate
- Provider latency
- Dead Letter Queue size
- Failure rate
If you can't observe it,
you can't operate it.
Production systems aren't designed for happy paths.
They're designed so third-party failures don't become your failures.
@DanielRegha@MTNNG Good morning... I did a subscription of 45gb on always on but the data didn't appear on my balance rather than the rollover I've had before.
Please I need your urgent attention
@davido@MTNNG Good morning... I did a subscription of 45gb on always on but the data didn't appear on my balance rather than the rollover I've had before.
Please I need your urgent attention
@davido@FirstBankngr Why I can't make transactions on the first bank mobile app. I need to make an urgent transfer and have been facing errors. This is bad
@LinkedInHelp@mohamedajeed76@LinkedInHelp @ryroslansky My account was unexpectedly restricted and I’m unable to do anything due to errors . I rely on LinkedIn for my professional work, please assist or escalate this ASAP. Support hasn’t resolved it. #LinkedInSupport
Spent 4 days fixing broken endpoints....Docker ran fine, but local didn’t.
At 3am, I gave up & shut down my laptop for the first time in 2 weeks.
Next morning? Everything worked.
🧠 Reminder: Your PC needs rest too. Don’t just sleep it. Reboot it. 💻✨
Excited to share my feature-rich e-commerce site built with the MERN stack! Highlights:
💾 Mongoose for MongoDB
📧 Nodemailer for customer communication
💳 Stripe for payments
🔒 JWT for security
🔑 Google OAuth for easy login
#alx_se_alumni#backend_lover#nodeJs