Tertullian wrote one of the most devastating arguments against private Bible interpretation ever composed.
He wrote it around 200 AD. Before the printing press. Before the Reformation. Before anyone thought to ask "who gets to interpret Scripture?"
A thread.
Let me help your AI Program out.
(1) The term “Ekklesia Kata Holos” first appears in Acts of the Apostles which was completed in approximately A.D. 63.
Acts 9:31 the church throughout all [Greek: ἐκκλησία,καθ’,ὅλης ,τῆς ] Judea and Galilee and Sama'ria..." = Kataholos Church.
ἐκκλησία = ekklésia = Church
καθ’ : kata = according to
ὅλης : holos = whole, complete
τῆς : ho, hé, to = the
Of course this Book documents the Church’s Council of Jerusalem between A.D. 48 and 50 so it’s likely the term was in use well before A.D. 63.
(2) Ignatius of Antioch explains, in his Letter to the Smyrnaeans (110 A.D. 110) that:
“See that you all follow the bishop, even as Jesus Christ does the Father, and the presbytery as you would the apostles; and reverence the deacons, as being the institution of God. Let no man do anything connected with the Church without the bishop. Let that be deemed a proper Eucharist, which is [administered] either by the bishop, or by one to whom he has entrusted it. Wherever the bishop shall appear, there let the multitude [of the people] also be; even as, wherever Jesus Christ is, there is the Catholic Church. It is not lawful without the bishop either to baptize or to celebrate a love-feast; but whatsoever he shall approve of, that is also pleasing to God, so that everything that is done may be secure and valid.”
(3) Patristics
(A) Saint Polycarp of Smyrna
For, having through patience overcome the unjust governor, and thus acquired the crown of immortality, he now, with the apostles and all the righteous [in heaven], rejoicingly glorifies God, even the Father, and blesses our Lord Jesus Christ, the Savior of our souls, the Governor of our bodies, and the Shepherd of the Catholic Church throughout the world. (Martyrdom of Polycarp A.D. 156)
(B) Saint Justin Martyr
For the men of former generations, who instituted private and public rites in honor of such as were more powerful, caused forgetfulness of the Catholic Faith to take possession of their posterity… (On the Sole Government of God).
(C) Saint Iranaeus of Lyon
But [the superior skill spoken of] is not found in this, that any one should, beyond the Creator and Framer [of the world], conceive of the Enthymesis of an erring Æon, their mother and his, and should thus proceed to such a pitch of blasphemy; nor does it consist in this, that he should again falsely imagine, as being above this [fancied being], a Pleroma at one time supposed to contain thirty, and at another time an innumerable tribe of Æons, as these teachers who are destitute of truly divine wisdom maintain; while the Catholic Church possesses one and the same faith throughout the whole world, as we have already said. (Against Heresies A.D. 180).
(D) Saint Clement of Alexandria
Therefore in substance and idea, in origin, in pre-eminence, we say that the ancient and Catholic Church is alone, collecting as it does into the unity of the one faith—which results from the peculiar Testaments, or rather the one Testament in different times by the will of the one God, through one Lord—those already ordained, whom God predestinated, knowing before the foundation of the world that they would be righteous. (The Stromata).
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“The Church is intolerant in principle because she believes; she is tolerant in practice because she loves. The enemies of the Church are tolerant in principle, because they do not believe, and intolerant in practice because they do not love.”
Father Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange, O.P.
“On Divine Revelation: The Teaching of the Catholic Faith.”
@DestinyEkenye@Thomisticae St Augustine (and St Thomas) aren't saying there is no reason, but that the reason is beyond comprehension. As I recall St Thomas even lists several speculative reasons it could be. Many are called, few are chosen. So no to OSAS.
That isn't really the question. The question is whether or not Abraham (or any elect in the OT for that matter) actually understands God as a Trinity and if that was necessary to say they worshipped Him. It is historically evident that the answer to that question is No.
@Sola_Requiem Does the book end the same way? It's based on a true story and the Jesuits it follows ended their days, at least ostensibly as a Buddhists, but according to some accounts Ferreira recanted and was martyred. The film spins them as secret Christians, which I disagree with.
The Christian community is being massacred in Nigeria. This is a story that desperately needs more attention.
Muslim Terrorists attacked a Christian village, causing numerous deaths among Christians.