Jesus was scourged with a Roman whip before His crucifixion.
The Roman flagrum could have multiple leather lashes with sharp objects attached.
The lashes could tear through the skin and underlying tissue.
Scourging caused severe bleeding and blood loss.
Jesus was beaten repeatedly by the soldiers. They struck Him in the face and mocked Him (Matthew 26:67). His beard was pulled out (Isaiah 50:6).
A crown of thorns was pressed into His scalp. The soldiers struck Him on the head with a reed, driving the thorns deeper (Matthew 27:30).
By the time He was presented to the crowd, His appearance was so disfigured that He scarcely looked human (Isaiah 52:14).
The physical trauma was so severe that Jesus was unable to carry the crossbeam all the way to Golgotha (Luke 23:26).
And this was before the nails were driven through Him and He was crucified.
Jesus was beaten, scourged, bloodied, mocked, struck in the face and head, crowned with thorns, and then crucified—and He willingly endured it for sinners.