GrO

🔜🦇🔊™️

[vitalik.eth @VitalikButerin]

PeerDAS in Fusaka is significant because it literally is sharding.

Ethereum is coming to consensus on blocks without requiring any single node to see more than a tiny fraction of the data. And this is robust to 51% attacks - it's client-side probabilistic verification, not validator voting.

Sharding has been a dream for Ethereum since 2015 , and data availability sampling since 2017 ( https://t.co/Fa0jKFgObW ), and now we have it.

That said, there are three ways that the sharding in Fusaka is incomplete:

* We can process O(c^2) transactions (where c is the per-node compute) on L2s, but not on the ethereum L1. If we want to scaling to benefit the ethereum L1 as well, beyond what we can get by constant-factor upgrades like BAL and ePBS, we need mature ZK-EVMs.
* The proposer/builder bottleneck. Today, the builder needs to have the whole data and build the whole block. It would be amazing to have distributed block building.
* We don't have a sharded mempool. We still need that.

But even still, this is a fundamental step forward in blockchain design. The next two years will give us time to refine the PeerDAS mechanism, carefully increase its scale while we continue to ensure its stability, use it to scale L2s, and then when ZK-EVMs are mature, turn it inwards to scale ethereum L1 gas as well.

Big congrats to the Ethereum researchers and core devs who worked hard for years to make this happen.

[Ethereum @ethereum]

Fusaka is live on Ethereum mainnet!

- PeerDAS now unlocks 8x data throughput for rollups
- UX improvements via the R1 curve & pre-confirmatons
- Prep for scaling the L1 with gas limit increase & more

Community members will continue to monitor for issues over the next 24 hrs.

[vitalik.eth @VitalikButerin]

fusaka

[Ethereum @ethereum]

1/ The Fusaka upgrade is coming December 3rd.

Ethereum is securely scaling.

Are you ready to support the changes?

Here’s what developers across the ecosystem need to do to prepare 🧵

[Ethereum @ethereum]

1/ Fusaka is coming December 3rd.

Ethereum’s next major upgrade shows that the network can grow to meet global demand, without compromising on decentralization or permissionlessness.

Whether you’re a user, builder, institution, or operator, here’s how Fusaka will impact you.

[Ethereum @ethereum]

It’s time to get ready for Ethereum’s Fusaka upgrade on Dec 3rd.

Review the @etheralphateam Fusaka resource page for:
✔️A live countdown to the upgrade
✔️Resources to learn more
✔️All EIPs in Fusaka
✔️A direct link to the Dec 3rd livestream

[dash @datadashboards]

Weekly volume from markets tagged as "Crypto" on @Polymarket are reaching all time highs

Meanwhile sports and politics are stalling or in a small downtrend

[Toni Wahrstätter ⟠ @nero_eth]

Just a year after the community started pushing for higher gas limits, Ethereum is now running with a 60M block gas limit.

That’s a 2× increase in a single year — and it’s only the beginning.

H/t to all client teams, the researchers involved, and to @nanexcool and @econoar for helping mobilize the effort.

🔗 https://t.co/vrIl4EQZwr

[vitalik.eth @VitalikButerin]

Expect continued growth but more targeted / less uniform growth for next year.

eg. one possible future is: 5x gas limit increase together with 5x gas cost increase for operations that are relatively inefficient to process

Potential targets for such increases (my current view):

* SSTORE when creating new storage
* SSTORE in general (slightly)
* Precompiles (all except elliptic curve stuff)
* CALLs to contracts with large contract size
* Some complex arithmetic opcodes (MODMUL maybe?)
* Calldata (slightly)

[chaskin.eth @jchaskin22]

One thing I think is still confusing for people outside the Ethereum infra bubble:

You do not need 32 ETH to run a full node

If you want trustless access and to help decentralize the network, you don’t need to stake, you just need:
- a small computer (~$400)
- a 2–4 TB SSD (~$200)
- solid internet

And you can run it with a single line in the terminal https://t.co/BlkcmrWnr4

[Joseph Young @iamjosephyoung]

ETH is back to sept 2024 levels.

here’s how ethereum has changed since:

stablecoin supply: $96B → $187B
app revenue: $8.7M → $21M
daily TPS: 229 → 369
tx count: 10M → 22M
active addresses: 6.4M → 8.3M
TVL: $188B → $342B

markets are rough. BUT ethereum keeps compounding.

[RYAN SΞAN ADAMS - rsa.eth 🦄 @RyanSAdams]

ETH exceeding BTC in treasury companies (by share of supply) is one of the most unexpected things to happen this year

[Justin Drake @drakefjustin]

Craaazy 365 days of @leanEthereum progress. Cheers to the builders. Cheers to the dreamers. Cheers to anti-fragility, too :)

Devcon, Bangkok — Nov 12, 2024. The suspense is real. The room overflows; hundreds can't get in. An "announcement of an announcement" had sparked wild speculation about my "most ambitious initiative".

Who knew the beam chain vision would evolve into lean Ethereum? Next-level ambition, seeping into all layers of L1. Snarks for consensus and execution. Fort mode and beast mode.

What's new? zkEVMs. Real-time proving. Full validation in a tab, on a phone. Let's pump L1 gas with the exponential snark curve. Starting in months, not years. To me it all points to 10K TPS, the gigagas frontier.

Dream bigger dreams for L1. Believe in something.

———

part 1—lean consensus

devnets

→ clients: 4 new lean CL clients (Zeam, Ream, Qlean, Lantern)
→ languages: 3 new CL languages (Zig, C++, C)
→ specs: by @tcoratger + 14 others; 3SF-mini subspec by @vitalikbuterin
→ testing: revamped test framework by @fselmo2; @Sib_Katya metrics
→ devnets: multi-client 3SF with 4s slots and 12s finality; PQ soon™

coordination

→ hires: EF Protocol coordinators @corcoranwill and @ladislaus0x
→ CL teams: led by @Gajpower, @unnawut, @kamil_abiy, @mstore80
→ 7 consensus calls: teams, PQ, p2p, exit queue, APS, 3SF, PQ specs
→ Cannes workshop: 1 day at EthCC in June; interop kicked off
→ 13 interop calls: by @corcoranwill on Wednesdays at 2pm UTC
→ Cambridge Oct workshops: 1 day leanVM, 3 days PQ, 3 days CL

cryptography

→ leanSig: 3 papers on hash sigs by Benedikt, @khovr, @kudinov_mikhail
→ leanVM: fast minimal aggregation zkVM by Emile
→ WHIR: fast Plonky3 implementation by @tcoratger
→ optimisoors: @AngusGruen, @GiacomoFenzi, @lambdaclass, @kiliconu
→ Poseidon2: 4 cryptanalysis workshops by @khovr, @asanso
→ maths: $1M Millennium-like proximity prize; papers flowing
→ formal verification: ArkLib by @QuangVDao

research

→ consensus team: hires @yannvon and lead @robsaltini join @luca_zanolini
→ faster finality: 1- or 2-round designs with Ethereum-grade liveness
→ 3sf-gold: new fast inclusion by @fradamt, @vitalikbuterin from Cambridge
→ p2p: @qdrvm_io simulator; @raulvk ethp2p; @soispoke leanp2p
→ rainbow staking: new Cambridge ideas; specs by Dan Goron & Alex Vlad

———

part 2—lean execution

zkEVM tech

→ real-time proving: ~100 engineers pushing across ~10 zkVM teams
→ GPU proving: 16 5090s (10kW) proving mainnet; $0.01/block
→ guests: revm (Reth), levm (Ethrex), evmone (Zilkworm), ZKSync OS
→ more guest programs: Geth, Besu, Nethermind and others soon™
→ RISC-V: de facto ISA of choice for zkEVM proving
→ Picus: prolific Veridise tool to identify under-constraints
→ formal verification: $4M across 40 grants by @alexanderlhicks

Ethproofs community

→ zkVM integrations: Airbender, OpenVM, Pico, R0VM, SP1, Ziren, ZisK
→ other integrations: Cysic, Fermah, Marlin, Snarkify, Zilkworm, ZkCloud
→ website: driven by @fbwoolf under new EF Ethproofs team
→ 7 calls: zkVMs, RTP, gigagas, RISC-V, native rollups, proximity gaps
→ Ethproofs day: Nov 22 at Devconnect; register at ethproofs[.]day
→ zkAttester demo: my home validator on zkEVM proofs at Ethproofs day

EF zkEVM team

→ new team: led by @kevaundray with Cody, Han, Ignacio, Radek, Sophia
→ EF blog post: real-time proving requirements by @_sophiagold_
→ zkLighthouse: modified Lighthouse client by @kevaundray
→ zkEVM/acc: @ignaciohagopian benchmarks; @codytouchgrass tests
→ more zkEVM/acc: @kevaundray standardisation; Ere by @han__0110

future of EL

→ Fusaka: per-tx gas limit (EIP 7825); MODEXP killer (EIPs 7823, 7883)
→ EVM 2.0: @vitalikbuterin proposal to enshrine RISC-V under the EVM
→ native rollups: championed by @lucadonnoh; wrote book and draft EIP
→ gas auto-pumps: 3x/year gas pumps (EIP-7938 by @dankrad)
→ gigagas L1: champion wanted—reach out :) [email protected]

[Ethereum @ethereum]

0/ I believe that 2026 will be the golden year for Ethereum privacy.

That's especially true when it comes to enterprises.

Here’s how the Ethereum ecosystem is leading the way and why that matters for institutions.

A guest thread by @pbrody from @EYnews and @EntEthAlliance.

[Startale 💿 @StartaleGroup]

Introducing Startale Superstars, our new incubation program to create the next iconic Mini App on Startale App, focused on consumer, gaming, and bold new concepts.

Build fast. Launch to thousands. Create your killer app with us on @soneium by @Sony Block Solutions Labs.

Selected teams will share a $250K prize pool and receive hands-on support from launch. We’ll work with you every step of the way.

Learn more about Startale Superstars below 👇🏻

[sassal.eth/acc 🦇🔊 @sassal0x]

The latest @thedailygwei Refuel is ready for your consumption! ⛽

Today's topics:
- Fusaka is coming 👀
- Lean Ethereum update 🥩
- Crypto market chat 🎢
- and much more ➕

Watch 👇

https://t.co/zeHkAoVuq4

[Ethereum @ethereum]

December’s Fusaka upgrade is a major step in Ethereum's roadmap.

It's proof that Ethereum can evolve responsibly, scaling to meet global demand without compromising decentralization.

Learn how Fusaka will unlock the next wave of growth: https://t.co/3TOda5KjY2

[Ethereum @ethereum]

Devconnect is coming to Buenos Aires.

Hear from @santisiri on the local impact of Ethereum.

Less than a week away: Nov 17-22.

[Ethereum @ethereum]

Welcome to Ethereum, Eliza.

[Ethereum Intern @ethereumintern_]

Fusaka is the new Ethereum L1 upgrade officially scheduled for the 3rd of December 2025, 21:49:11 UTC time.

But how does it affect Ethereum? What are the changes being made to Mainnet? Let's find out in today's Fusaka thread!

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