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I interview dozens/hundreds of new grads, nearly every day of the year. These are people with a well-formatted resume and a Bachelor's Degree in Engineering from well-regarded US universities and a GPA above 3.6. The majority cannot engineer, cannot function independently, cannot answer basic technical questions. We have watered down standards and inflated grades to the point that a bright, enthusiastic student spending four years in school sends almost no signal at all.
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Your Brain Rewards You for Imagining the Future | Neuroscience News
Summary: Why do we spend so much mental energy imagining scenarios that haven’t happened yet? According to a new theory, “mental time travel” is a self-reinforcing habit driven by the brain’s reward system.
The study suggests that when we envision a successful future solution to a problem, our brain releases dopamine, effectively “paying” us for the cognitive effort. This doesn’t just help us plan; it turns future-oriented thinking into a learned behavior through operant conditioning. However, this same system can be “hijacked” by mental disorders, turning helpful planning into chronic catastrophizing.
Key Facts
- The Self-Reinforcement Hypothesis: Predicting the future is hard work. Dere argues we only do it because the act of finding a “promising solution” in our minds triggers an immediate internal reward.
- Operant Conditioning: Just like a lab rat pressing a lever for food, our brain “presses” the mental time travel lever because it anticipates the relief or success of a good plan.
- The Dopamine Connection: The theory predicts that frequent “mental time travelers” have a more reactive mesolimbic dopamine system—the brain’s primary reward circuit.
- The Dark Side (Catastrophizing): In depression or anxiety, this system can be co-opted. Instead of constructive planning, the brain project’s negative past experiences into the future, creating a cycle of avoidance and “safety behaviors.”
- Therapeutic Potential: Dere suggests that psychotherapy should focus on “re-training” the brain to engage in constructive future-thinking while halting the “reward” loop of negative projections.
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In order to predict the potential consequences of actions, it helps to envision yourself in the future and imagine the coming scenario. Some people do this more often than others.
Professor Ekrem Dere of Ruhr University Bochum, Germany, and Sorbonne Université in Paris has developed a theory for why. He believes that mental time travel activates the reward system in the brain, thereby reinforcing one’s behavior.
Dere describes his approach in the journal Psychological Review, published online on April 6, 2026.
“The benefit of future-oriented mental time travel is clear,” says Dere, from the Research and Treatment Center for Mental Health at Ruhr University Bochum.
“It allows us to be more successful and less stressed in our day-to-day, as the future becomes more predictable and thus easier to plan.”
However, he adds, one may ask why people invest time in this challenging cognitive task that does not provide any immediate rewards and has no guarantee of success.
Mental time travel follows a universal learning principle
In response to this, Dere formulated the self-reinforcement hypothesis of future-oriented mental time travel. He postulates that this process follows a universal learning principle known as operant conditioning, which states that behavior that is rewarded or punished will occur in the future either more or less frequently, respectively.
Dere theorizes that if future-oriented mental time travel seems like a promising solution to a social or professional problem, the reward system in the brain is activated. This makes it easier to remember the plan of action until it is realized, and it reinforces the behavior, causing it to occur more frequently in the future.
According to Dere, this theory can be tested with functional magnetic resonance imaging: People who mentally travel to the future more frequently should have a more reactive reward system, i.e., a more responsive mesolimbic dopamine system.
Mental time travel can have a disease-preserving effect
“In a pathopsychological context, the cognitive function of mental time travel can also be hijacked by disease-preserving processes,” says Dere.
This can cause one to ruminate on negative past experiences and project them into the future. Such catastrophizing projections bring forth negative emotions, foster a bad self-image, and trigger maladaptive safety and avoidance behavior. A mental disorder can then become chronic.
“For this reason, it would be important to psychotherapeutically train constructive and adaptive future-oriented mental time travel, and to recognize and halt catastrophizing future projections.”
Read more:
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I visited the Red Dot Product Design Museum in Singapore early this week.
Check out this year’s award-winning products!
Red Dot Design Museum - Singapore POV Tour 2024 in 4K https://t.co/vQvzivqYxt via @YouTube
Before we learn to Create with Excellence and Innovate with Ease… we should first examine The Motor of Innovation:
The Motor of Innovation - Part 2 https://t.co/SDU93XPKF2 via @YouTube