I review @gbrew24's Petroleum and Progress in Iran: Oil, Development and the Cold War (2022) for Contemporary Review of the Middle East. A fascinating read on Iranian tryst with oil beyond a purely national history.
https://t.co/tGbLhg6ag6
Twitter-daans, does anybody know have access to Gramsci's entire prison notebooks (esp Notebook 11) in English. The Buttigieg volume covers Notebooks 1-8, and the selections by Hoare and Smith, while very good, are by their very nature, incomplete. Reccos welcome, please RT?
In this piece for @IndianExpress, I write with @amitjulka, offering a Gramscian reading of state resilience amidst the illusion of regime change by external intervention in Iran.
https://t.co/kWk6UXvAjo
@Muzyar Absolutely, a refusal to see upheaval in West Asia and South Asia beyond a foreign intelligence plot is where this genre of scholarship ends. Past year and a half made that painfully obvious.
🧵Steel. Petrochemicals. Pharmaceuticals.
The recent turn of US-Israeli aggression on these Iranian industries isn't about direct military objectives; it seeks what sanctions couldn't accomplish: total economic strangulation.
But what do these three sectors have in common?
👇
When this war broke out, the oil market had some cushion built into it, namely a large amount of oil on the water. Demand was still somewhat on the lower side, given the time of year. States could draw on inventories. SPR releases could absorb some of the price impact.
That cushion is gone. Now comes the pain.
💢 BREAKING: Coordinated strikes have hit all three of Iran’s largest steel plants simultaneously – Mobarakeh, Esfahan, and Khuzestan – the backbone of the country’s non-oil economy.
Together they produce roughly 70% of Iran’s steel output. Iron and steel is Iran’s second-largest export category at $6.48 billion, its primary hard-currency lifeline outside of oil.
Mobarakeh makes the flat steel used in cars and pipelines. Esfahan produces structural beams and railway rails. Khuzestan supplies the raw slabs that feed factories nationwide.
Steel became Iran’s top non-oil export precisely as a sanction hedge as it is cheap to produce using local ore and natural gas, and a critical source of foreign currency when oil revenues were blocked.
Hitting all three at once targets critical industrial capacity and the economic architecture Iran spent decades building to survive Western pressure.