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8 days ago

The complete deep origins of 328 Kurdish patrilineal lineages that have been sponsored or purchased through Whole Genome Sequencing (30x or higher), or through Y-700 and equivalent STR-based testing. The following also includes Kurdish samples sequenced through scientific studies to the level of 30x WGS or higher. It does not include haplogroups sequenced to anything below this high level of sequencing, therefore excluding the majority of scientific studies conducted only at Y-17 level, since we require Y-700 level testing. Based on the current data it can be ascertained that the clear plurality of the founding father population among the Kurds belong to Iron Age Iranians (circa 1500–1000 BCE), who were a hybridised population between Andronovans and local South Central Asian cultures like the BMAC. Most notably the Yaz culture, which scholarship and academics attribute to the rise of the Zoroastrian religion and the rapid militarisation of Iranian society, experienced a massive expansion phase. The so-called "West Iranian peoples" are a syncretised population from these early Iron Age Iranians from Central Asia who moved into the Zagros and plateau and encountered a myriad of different cultures, most notably the Elamites, including populations that were also quite freshly integrating into the Zagros, like the Semitic peoples who were already penetrating deep into the Zagros since the Middle Bronze Age (attested as far as Anshan, the Elamite capital). It is from this milieu that the first attestation of Kurds can reliably be found, dating back to Eratosthenes of Cyrene, who was born in the Ptolemaic Kingdom and was likely relying on an Achaemenid source. Kurds are first attested in the province of Persis in south-west Iran. Indeed, this is what we expect via comparative linguistic studies at the dialectal level. A North-West Iranian language living in a core Persian hub, prior to expansion out of south-west Iran into what is now Kurdistan sometime around the Sassanian era. Based on the modern haplogroup distribution of Kurds it is quite apparent that the strongest and oldest layers of non-Iron Age Iranian paternal ancestry is in fact attributable to Semites, and not what most people expect, which is various indigenous Zagrosian populations. Typically the Semitic lineages among Kurds date back to around the Achaemenid era. In general there seems to be an influx of Semitic speakers into the Iranian plateau during the Achaemenid period. Based on haplogroup data there is not a single clear case of an indigenous remnant Zagrosian lineage among the Kurds that precedes the Bronze Age. Despite this, 9% is plausibly attributed to some type of local LC Meso and/or Zagrosian populations. The first Kurdish tribes would be comprised of a Semitic, an Iron Age SCA Iranian, and a localised plateau population. Interestingly there is a probable Seleucid Greek founder-effect lineage among modern Kurds that dates a few hundred years after the attestation of the first Kurdish tribes. The overwhelming majority of the remaining lineages I have not mentioned here have mutations attributable to post-Islamic assimilations, which includes the vast majority of the Armenian highland haplogroups, all Oghuz Turkic lines, among many others. Comparing Kurdish autosomal data against haplogroups, it is exceedingly clear that the Iron Age Iranian haplogroups among Kurds have huge male-biased selection. This means the Iranian lineages were the most socially dominant group among the Kurds, who reproduced more than other segments of the population. This makes sense since Kurds are an Iranian ethnic derived population, in a patrilineal based society. Unfortunately the data disproportionately includes Zaza and Kurmanji speakers who come from Berferati (the most western parts of Kurdistan) speaking regions, since these are the regions that generate the most diaspora. Sponsoring Kurdish clades all across the Kurdistan region is of heavy priority right now. A major issue right now is that the vast majority of DNA kits that are being sponsored are not being used and are being sent back to the labs, despite the fact that these kits cost $449 for a single test. Please DO NOT ask for sponsorship if you are going to waste hard-earned money. This is just shameless and disrespectful of the highest order. If you have gotten your DNA sequenced, you must join a relevant DNA project to secure traceability of where we are sourcing this information from. We encourage you to include all relevant details like tribe, place of birth of paternal ancestors, etc.

KurdiCompendium's tweet photo. The complete deep origins of 328 Kurdish patrilineal lineages that have been sponsored or purchased through Whole Genome Sequencing (30x or higher), or through Y-700 and equivalent STR-based testing. The following also includes Kurdish samples sequenced through scientific studies to the level of 30x WGS or higher. It does not include haplogroups sequenced to anything below this high level of sequencing, therefore excluding the majority of scientific studies conducted only at Y-17 level, since we require Y-700 level testing.

Based on the current data it can be ascertained that the clear plurality of the founding father population among the Kurds belong to Iron Age Iranians (circa 1500–1000 BCE), who were a hybridised population between Andronovans and local South Central Asian cultures like the BMAC. Most notably the Yaz culture, which scholarship and academics attribute to the rise of the Zoroastrian religion and the rapid militarisation of Iranian society, experienced a massive expansion phase. The so-called "West Iranian peoples" are a syncretised population from these early Iron Age Iranians from Central Asia who moved into the Zagros and plateau and encountered a myriad of different cultures, most notably the Elamites, including populations that were also quite freshly integrating into the Zagros, like the Semitic peoples who were already penetrating deep into the Zagros since the Middle Bronze Age (attested as far as Anshan, the Elamite capital). It is from this milieu that the first attestation of Kurds can reliably be found, dating back to Eratosthenes of Cyrene, who was born in the Ptolemaic Kingdom and was likely relying on an Achaemenid source. Kurds are first attested in the province of Persis in south-west Iran. Indeed, this is what we expect via comparative linguistic studies at the dialectal level. A North-West Iranian language living in a core Persian hub, prior to expansion out of south-west Iran into what is now Kurdistan sometime around the Sassanian era.

Based on the modern haplogroup distribution of Kurds it is quite apparent that the strongest and oldest layers of non-Iron Age Iranian paternal ancestry is in fact attributable to Semites, and not what most people expect, which is various indigenous Zagrosian populations. Typically the Semitic lineages among Kurds date back to around the Achaemenid era. In general there seems to be an influx of Semitic speakers into the Iranian plateau during the Achaemenid period. Based on haplogroup data there is not a single clear case of an indigenous remnant Zagrosian lineage among the Kurds that precedes the Bronze Age. Despite this, 9% is plausibly attributed to some type of local LC Meso and/or Zagrosian populations. The first Kurdish tribes would be comprised of a Semitic, an Iron Age SCA Iranian, and a localised plateau population. Interestingly there is a probable Seleucid Greek founder-effect lineage among modern Kurds that dates a few hundred years after the attestation of the first Kurdish tribes. The overwhelming majority of the remaining lineages I have not mentioned here have mutations attributable to post-Islamic assimilations, which includes the vast majority of the Armenian highland haplogroups, all Oghuz Turkic lines, among many others. Comparing Kurdish autosomal data against haplogroups, it is exceedingly clear that the Iron Age Iranian haplogroups among Kurds have huge male-biased selection. This means the Iranian lineages were the most socially dominant group among the Kurds, who reproduced more than other segments of the population. This makes sense since Kurds are an Iranian ethnic derived population, in a patrilineal based society.

Unfortunately the data disproportionately includes Zaza and Kurmanji speakers who come from Berferati (the most western parts of Kurdistan) speaking regions, since these are the regions that generate the most diaspora. Sponsoring Kurdish clades all across the Kurdistan region is of heavy priority right now. A major issue right now is that the vast majority of DNA kits that are being sponsored are not being used and are being sent back to the labs, despite the fact that these kits cost $449 for a single test. Please DO NOT ask for sponsorship if you are going to waste hard-earned money. This is just shameless and disrespectful of the highest order. If you have gotten your DNA sequenced, you must join a relevant DNA project to secure traceability of where we are sourcing this information from. We encourage you to include all relevant details like tribe, place of birth of paternal ancestors, etc.

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KurdiCompendium retweeted

Zarbian @ZarbianHerki

about 1 hour ago

There are some indications that the first Iranian confederations to settle in the western plateau were not initially Zoroastrian. These include the theophoric name Agnu-parnu (*Agni-farnah-), the total absence of Western Iranian lands from Young Avestan geography and the ->

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