Lex Fridman

Host of Lex Fridman Podcast.
Interested in robots and humans.

[Lex Fridman @lexfridman]

Here's my conversation with Andrew Scull, all about psychiatry, its long history from Freud/Jung to today, including asylums, icepick lobotomies, electroshock therapy, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and some horrific treatments that were considered mainstream where doctors injected patients with malaria, induced insulin comas, and pulled out their teeth, all in the name of curing madness.

There are a lot of lessons to learn from history here. One of the most important for me is just how incredibly complex the human mind is, and how hard the task is of understanding & treating the nearly infinite ways it can stumble/faulter.

Humans are amazing. In part, because our minds are such a damn complicated mess.

It's here on X in full and is up everywhere else (see comment).

Timestamps:
0:00 - Introduction
1:20 - Crisis in Psychiatry
30:58 - Categories of Mental Illness
38:17 - Asylums, Eugenics, and the Nazis
50:23 - The Ice Pick Lobotomy
56:36 - Malaria "Cure" for Syphilis
1:14:52 - Insulin Coma Therapy
1:22:44 - Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
1:42:13 - One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest
1:59:45 - Freud and Psychoanalysis
2:29:40 - WWII and Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
2:50:14 - Antipsychotics
3:13:35 - Antidepressants
3:26:29 - Future of Psychiatry

[Lex Fridman @lexfridman]

Here's the links for my conversation with Andrew Scull:

YouTube: https://t.co/bBS4ZU5uYv

Spotify: https://t.co/VjTdb68p7z

Podcast: https://t.co/uxqXcfWUje

[Lex Fridman @lexfridman]

Here's my conversation with Andrew Scull, all about psychiatry, its long history from Freud/Jung to today, including asylums, icepick lobotomies, electroshock therapy, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and some horrific treatments that were considered mainstream where doctors injected patients with malaria, induced insulin comas, and pulled out their teeth, all in the name of curing madness.

There are a lot of lessons to learn from history here. One of the most important for me is just how incredibly complex the human mind is, and how hard the task is of understanding & treating the nearly infinite ways it can stumble/faulter.

Humans are amazing. In part, because our minds are such a damn complicated mess.

It's here on X in full and is up everywhere else (see comment).

Timestamps:
0:00 - Introduction
1:20 - Crisis in Psychiatry
30:58 - Categories of Mental Illness
38:17 - Asylums, Eugenics, and the Nazis
50:23 - The Ice Pick Lobotomy
56:36 - Malaria "Cure" for Syphilis
1:14:52 - Insulin Coma Therapy
1:22:44 - Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
1:42:13 - One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest
1:59:45 - Freud and Psychoanalysis
2:29:40 - WWII and Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
2:50:14 - Antipsychotics
3:13:35 - Antidepressants
3:26:29 - Future of Psychiatry

[DHH @dhh]

The interview with @lexfridman has already passed a million views in just 5 days! I think people were ready for some white-pill optimism about agents and AI. https://t.co/99sFHY3HIF

[Lex Fridman @lexfridman]

Here's the links for my conversation with @DHH:

YouTube: https://t.co/7iAkrm38hO

Spotify: https://t.co/VjTdb68p7z

Podcast: https://t.co/uxqXcfWUje

[Lex Fridman @lexfridman]

Here's my conversation with @DHH. He is back for round 2! It was an epic fun 5 hour conversation about the future of programming, AI, Linux, and human civilization.

It's here on X in full and is up everywhere else (see comment).

Timestamps:
0:00 - Episode highlight
1:27 - Introduction
2:56 - Programming with AI agents
18:14 - How software will change
27:30 - AI impact on open source
37:21 - Building Omarchy Linux distro
47:05 - Vibe coding vs agentic engineering
1:00:06 - The end of manual programming
1:10:24 - Advice for programmers
1:22:30 - Surviving Internet Hate
1:31:46 - Programming setup for AI Agents
1:44:11 - Obsessing about speed
2:07:06 - Voice prompting vs typing
2:21:05 - Best AI coding models
2:37:55 - Best AI coding harnesses
2:50:57 - AI video generation and filmmaking
3:10:28 - Fatherhood
3:38:35 - Linux will win the desktop
3:49:51 - PewDiePie
3:59:24 - Future of programming
4:22:17 - Politics and immigration
4:53:54 - Longevity, over-optimization, and fear of death
5:05:38 - Eternal recurrence and future of human civization

[Lex Fridman @lexfridman]

Here's the links for my conversation with Khabib Nurmagomedov (@TeamKhabib):

YouTube: https://t.co/32YrxbV3DZ

Spotify: https://t.co/VjTdb68p7z

Podcast: https://t.co/uxqXcfWUje

[Lex Fridman @lexfridman]

Here's my conversation with Khabib Nurmagomedov (@TeamKhabib), one of the greatest fighters of all time.

It was truly an honor to get to train with him, to have this deep conversation, and to get to know him over the past few months.

We did this conversation entirely in Russian. It's translated and dubbed into English. Both language audio tracks and subtitles are available on YouTube. Here on X, I'm posting the English & Russian language versions as seperate videos. The translation & dubbing was a huge amount of work (which I deeply care about) with humans & AI collaborating. Thanks to the amazing team at @ElevenLabs for their help.

Good luck to Islam Makhachev, Khabib & team this weekend at UFC 330!

And as I've said in the video, I'm truly grateful for all of you, for your support all these years. I love you all ❤️

Timestamps:
0:00 - Introduction
1:35 - Why Dagestan produces so many great fighters
11:41 - History of Dagestan warrior culture
21:02 - Hard training in the mountains of Dagestan
24:53 - The trap of fame, money, and power
35:34 - The key to Khabib's dominance
46:47 - Discipline and hard work
59:15 - Street fights in Dagestan
1:12:56 - Khabib's top pressure
1:18:40 - Khabib vs Conor McGregor
1:31:25 - Khabib's toughest fight
1:39:12 - Greatest MMA fighters of all time
1:56:57 - Coaching
2:02:30 - Daniel Cormier
2:06:48 - Islam Makhachev
2:16:46 - Dana White
2:20:16 - Joe Rogan
2:22:31 - Ali Abdelaziz
2:25:08 - Football
2:32:23 - Messi vs Ronaldo
2:50:23 - Dubai
2:54:14 - God
3:01:57 - Advice for young people

[Lex Fridman @lexfridman]

Here's the Russian language version:

[DHH @dhh]

We're recording round two of this on Monday! While the calendar says it's only been a year, it feels more like twenty since we've entered the age of agents.

[Lex Fridman @lexfridman]

Here's the links for my conversation with Gary Gallagher:

YouTube: https://t.co/vSHwWyu1uL

Spotify: https://t.co/VjTdb68p7z

Podcast: https://t.co/uxqXcfWUje

[Lex Fridman @lexfridman]

Here's my conversation with Gary Gallagher, a leading historian of the American Civil War. We discuss the causes of the war, the economics and politics of slavery, military strategy, Lincoln, Grant, Lee, the Lost Cause, the Confederate Flag, and the history of extreme political division in our country from before the Civil War to today.

It's here on X in full and is up everywhere else (see comment).

Timestamps:
0:00 - Episode highlight
1:29 - Introduction
1:52 - What caused the Civil War?
11:49 - Slavery
39:23 - Lincoln
54:19 - Grant vs Lee
1:03:13 - Could the Civil War have been avoided?
1:12:39 - The bloodiest war in US history
1:29:47 - How the Confederate Army could've won
1:50:22 - Key battles of the Civil War
2:13:23 - Best and Worst Presidents
2:27:23 - Robert E. Lee
2:46:56 - The most important battle of the Civil War
2:57:07 - The final showdown of the Civil War - Grant vs Lee
3:19:26 - Lost Cause and Confederate Monuments
3:36:54 - Extreme political division in US

[Lex Fridman @lexfridman]

@JensenHuang @nvidia Welcome to X, this'll be fun 🤣 Great first post! Thank you for supporting open source 🔥 ❤️

[Lex Fridman @lexfridman]

Messi is going to the World Cup final!!!!! Great game, heartbreaking for England. Two legendary teams. What an amazing world cup🤯 LFG!

[Lex Fridman @lexfridman]

Happy Birthday America! To me, the greatest nation on Earth. 250 years of loudly arguing our way toward a more perfect union 😂 We're in this together, I love you all! ❤️

PS: World Cup has been amazing. US in the round of 16, LFG! Also, I'm a long-time huge fan of Argentina and Messi, but Cape Verde vs Argentina was one of the greatest games I've ever seen. That is what the World Cup is all about!

[Lex Fridman @lexfridman]

Here's the links for my conversation with Anthony Kaldellis:

YouTube: https://t.co/oocbXgymNA

Spotify: https://t.co/VjTdb68p7z

Podcast: https://t.co/uxqXcfWUje

[Lex Fridman @lexfridman]

Here's my conversation with Anthony Kaldellis about the deep history of the Roman Empire in the west and the east (the Byzantine Empire). This was a truly fascinating conversation with a lot of wisdom for the modern world and for the future of human civilization. The Roman state lasted over 2,200 years. If we want to understand human nature, the modern world, and how humanity can flourish, it is valuable to study history, especially the history of why societies survive and why they collapse.

It's here on X in full and is up everywhere else (see comment).

Timestamps:
0:00 - Episode highlight
1:24 - Introduction
1:51 - The Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire
5:49 - 2,200 Years of Roman History
26:12 - Power, violence, and civil war
47:27 - Edict of Caracalla
1:00:23 - Crisis of the Third Century
1:14:52 - Constantine and the new Roman Empire
1:26:53 - Christianity in the Roman Empire
1:52:21 - Fall of the Western Roman Empire
2:05:17 - Eunuchs, Taxes, and Power
2:30:24 - Emperor Justinian and wars of conquest
2:47:26 - The Arab conquests
3:07:01 - Why the Roman empire survived so long
3:33:08 - Lessons from history

[Lex Fridman @lexfridman]

SpaceX will help expand humanity out to the stars. It makes me excited for the future!

Huge congrats to Elon and the SpaceX team 👊

[Lex Fridman @lexfridman]

@michael__ni Thank you for building incredible open source software used by millions of us🙏

[Lex Fridman @lexfridman]

I got to spend all day today with Jensen in Taiwan: talking with thousands of engineers and eating street food at a night market. Jensen is received as a rockstar in Taiwan, like it's Beatles in the 60's. It's mind-blowing and fun to watch. But most importantly, through all the interactions and all my conversations with him, he remained the same humble, kind, thoughtful, funny guy he always was, even as a kid who went to these same night markets many years ago.

Btw, we tried a crazy amount of different street food. It's legit some of the most delicious food I've ever had. I can't wait to share video of it, including a ton of our conversations and hangout. When I can pause for a moment from all the travel to edit the video, I'll post it.

Can't wait to continue talking to Jensen and engineers at Computex this week, and exploring more of Taiwan, and of course roaming the night markets for some more delicious street food.

Days like these, even more than usual, I feel like the luckiest kid in the world.

Love you all! ❤️

[Lex Fridman @lexfridman]

Here's the links for my conversation with Don Lincoln:

YouTube: https://t.co/sh8V5rWS7D

Spotify: https://t.co/VjTdb68WX7

Podcast: https://t.co/uxqXcfXs8M

[Lex Fridman @lexfridman]

Here's my conversation with Don Lincoln about some of the biggest open questions in physics, including dark energy, dark matter, the matter-antimatter imbalance, quantum vacuum, quantum foam, and the quest to unify the laws of physics.

Don is a particle physicist at Fermilab who has spent decades working at the frontiers of high energy physics. He is also a great teacher & writer. I highly recommend his courses & books. One of my favorite lecture series he has given is The Evidence for Modern Physics where he breaks down the experiments that validate some of the weird laws of physics we have, and what it would take to validate even the weirder ones.

It's not enough to come up with a beautiful theory. You also have to show through experiment that the theory is likely to be correct. This process often doesn't get the love it deserves, even though it's often the most important and difficult part of the scientific process.

I ❤️ physics.

The conversation is here on X in full and is up everywhere else (see comment).

Timestamps:
0:00 - Introduction
0:49 - Unifying the laws of nature
15:20 - General relativity
32:27 - Electroweak force
44:09 - How particle colliders work
1:02:12 - Higgs boson discovery
1:12:32 - Theory of everything
1:42:17 - Physics of empty space
1:49:41 - Antimatter
2:10:31 - Dark energy
2:14:20 - Dark matter
2:42:56 - Future of physics