India Converted Half of Asia Without an Army.
One of the largest cultural expansions in history was carried out almost entirely by merchants waiting for the monsoon wind to change.
Over roughly a thousand years India gave much of Asia its religions, its epics, its scripts and its ideas of kingship, using convoys timed to the monsoon's twice-yearly reversal rather than armies. Buddhism set aside caste and the food laws that made travel among strangers difficult, and it moved east in the holds of merchant ships until, by one count, China had thirty thousand monasteries and close to two million monks. The courts of Southeast Asia adopted Sanskrit, Indian law and Indian statecraft by choice, judging it the best system on offer to a king who wanted to look legitimate at home and abroad. The former Thai capital Ayutthaya took its name from Ayodhya, the city of Rama. Angkor Wat, the largest religious monument on earth, is a working diagram of the Indian cosmos, its moat standing for the ocean that surrounds Mount Meru.
The era's other great power took a different route. China's Confucian order required a foreign ruler to acknowledge the emperor as his superior before exchange could happen, tribute, not trade. The ports of the region answered to Chinese demand while its temples, script and kingship were Indian-influenced.
It wasn't wholly peaceful. The Indianised kingdoms fought each other readily enough. What the pattern lacked, for the better part of a thousand years, was an Indian conqueror.
I've written up the full story, with sources and further reading. Link to essay in the comments below.
अयोध्या के श्री निशुल्क गुरुकुल महाविद्यालय में विद्यार्थियों को आधुनिक कंप्यूटर लैब के माध्यम से तकनीक से जुड़ते देखना सुखद है। उनकी एक छोटी-सी इच्छा पूरी करने में हम सहभागी बन सके, यह हमारे लिए प्रसन्नता की बात है।
हमारी प्राचीन ज्ञान परंपरा को डिजिटल युग से जोड़ने का यह विनम्र प्रयास नई पीढ़ी को अपनी जड़ों के और करीब लाए और उनके लिए सीखने के नए अवसर खोले, यही कामना है।
गुरुकुल के सभी विद्यार्थियों के उज्ज्वल भविष्य के लिए मेरी हार्दिक शुभकामनाएं।
@PantherTeamX@Malachi_BGEMC Can you integrate with https://t.co/o5niPbQgCD and place a mic in it ? Every healthcare provider would want to buy this watch. Will be a game changer.
The way to win at capitalism is to focus on what it actually does (make customers' lives better) rather than the socialist caricature of it (squeeze every penny out of them). The latter gets you 2x returns at best, whereas making new things for people can get you 10x.
Almost every one of the best engineers from our batch at BITS went abroad for higher studies. Nandan is one of them. Obvious, maybe. But "Brain Drain" only hits you when you sit down and count where the top 25-30 techies from your own batch ended up. Almost none in India from our batch - BITS Goa 2014.
Nandan articulated it better: "PhD was always the goal. Returning to India was never something I viewed as a backup plan or a fail-safe." I have realised that most Indians abroad have quietly agreed that coming home/India is what they do when the plan abroad doesn't work.
We keep wondering why the biggest AI and tech companies haven't come out of India. Indian VCs, myself included, are flying to the Valley to spend time with Indian undergrads - who will likely create value for States.
We have lost manufacturing to China. We kept insisting we'd catch up, that India is the next China. We won't. Sorry but that window is closed.
@vkhosla has been saying it for long. AI will have much larger impact on Indian economy than manufacturing ever did, and we are not winning that race too. One export control decision and India's access to frontier compute changes overnight. We don't control a single link in that chain.
There is still hope, and it hinges on people coming back.
Welcome back Nandan. We hope to not disappoint you.
Mallika Bajaj brilliantly explained. 👏🏼👏🏼
Must watch. This is exactly why we need our own platforms. These foreign platforms have conditioned our youth against our country.
Time to break those shackles and start creating and encouraging positive stories, content, series and movies.
Especially Hindus are losing in this warfare.
HINDUISM/SANATANA DHARMA is not just a way of life, it is the Way of the Universal Life, honoring the Self in all beings and all worlds.
We are all Hindus by nature and by Consciousness. To know this we must meditate on our true Self-nature beyond the illusions of the mind.
India’s economic rise is inevitable, but this narrative warfare is a real threat.
It’s time to call out the gatekeepers of global finance.
India's reality is dictating the future, not their bias. 🇮🇳
Perplexity CEO Aravind Srinivas just shattered the greatest illusion of the AI arms race.
The entire market is waiting for a single, god-like superintelligence to win the entire board.
The physics of compute are forcing the exact opposite outcome.
Models are not converging into a single monopoly.
They’re violently fracturing into hyper-specialized execution nodes.
Srinivas: “Towards the end of 2025, what happened was models started specializing. Even within coding, which you think might be a specialization, OpenAI’s Codex models and Anthropic’s Claude models are very different in terms of what they’re good at.”
Bet your entire enterprise architecture on a single AI provider?
You’re hardcoding your own ceiling.
You don’t want a generalized model that’s “okay” at everything.
You want a swarm of apex specialists.
One ruthlessly optimized for syntax.
One for visual synthesis.
One for predictive reasoning.
The future is not one AI.
It’s the instantaneous orchestration of the absolute best compute for the exact task at hand.
Platform lock-in is suicide.
Srinivas: “Enterprise users are always selecting multiple different models all the time. That’s actually one of the value propositions of the Perplexity product. You don’t have to feel locked into one model provider, you don’t have to have one horse in the race.”
Traditional tech giants are desperately trying to trap users inside their specific algorithmic ecosystem.
Winning operators completely bypass the vendor war by becoming model-agnostic.
When the foundational intelligence of the world is leapfrogging itself every three months, brand loyalty is a massive liability.
The operators winning the next decade won’t care whether OpenAI, Anthropic, or Google trained the model.
They’ll plug into an agnostic orchestration layer that autonomously routes to whichever specialized network currently dominates that exact sector of the board.
The highest-leverage position is no longer building the intelligence.
It’s directing the orchestra.
Srinivas: “This is one particular skill, writing is another skill, being good at images and videos is another skill. You can hope that Perplexity figures out which model is best for what purpose, and you just have to come to the product and use it.”
Multi-trillion-dollar hyperscalers burning billions fighting the model wars.
Sovereign orchestrator bypasses the entire war.
Harvests the output of all of them.
You don’t need to be an expert in the underlying architecture of a dozen different foundation models.
You just need to command the routing engine.
When AI transitions from a monolithic product into a fractured grid of specialized utility nodes, the ultimate monopoly belongs to the orchestrator that abstracts the complexity.
Foundation model builders became interchangeable plumbing.
The Biden administration welcomed the regime change in Bangladesh and was quick to deny Hasina's allegation of U.S. involvement in her overthrow. But, sadly, it has been conspicuously silent on growing human-rights abuses there.
The military-backed "interim" regime, not content with purges and other vendetta, is jailing academics, local officials, lawyers, journalists, political opponents and other dissidents on trumped-up murder charges, while turning a blind eye to Islamist rampages, including against minorities.
Blinken, who kept berating the Hasina government over democratic backsliding, has not uttered a word on the current human-rights abuses or the fact that the "interim" government lacks constitutional legitimacy or mandate. The broader Western silence is only emboldening greater abuses, including forced resignations, arbitrary arrests, physical assaults on detainees, curtailment of the rights to liberty and freedom of expression, and systematic attacks on the country's long-persecuted Hindu minority.