María Iglesias

Immunology, social concerns, humor, peak irony. Views on my own// Inmuno, cuestiones sociales, humor e ironia. pura.

[Antelm Pujol, MD PhD @AntelmPujol]

🥶🚩 ¿CUANDO USAR HIELO EN LAS LESIONES?

—En las primeras 6 horas tras una lesión musculo-esquelética, puede:

⇩ ⇩ Reducción del dolor.
⇩ ⇩ Reducción del hematoma.

—Después de las 6 primeras horas tras una lesión musculo-esquelética, puede:

⇩ ⇩Reducir la capacidad de regeneración del tejido.

⏱️ Conclusión: el timming importa.

[Manual Of Medicine @ManualOMedicine]

@TrackYourHeart B. Nephrotic syndrome
https://t.co/P7ZhwyDI4V

[Salva Iborra @salva_iborra]

@ProfSirera just seen this, an exception to the 2nd rule😉: https://t.co/kDmBudoBHk

[Rafael Sirera @ProfSirera]

Today I want to talk to you about the thymus — a vital organ for the proper functioning of the immune system.
🌟 I’m going to share THREE remarkable facts that will genuinely surprise you. So much so that, once you’ve read this thread, you’ll never look at the thymus in quite the same way again.
Let’s begin.

1⃣ When we think of an organ or a tissue, we take for granted that it’s made up of living cells. But in the thymus, that assumption simply doesn’t hold.
A large proportion of thymocytes — the thymus’s own lymphocytes — are dead. And until 1961, no one could make sense of this astonishing level of cell death.
Up to that point, the prevailing view was that the thymus was a meaningless embryonic remnant. But at the age of 30, Jacques Miller became the last person in history to assign a biological function to an organ. He showed that the thymus is absolutely central to lymphocyte development.
He demonstrated that animals without a thymus are immunodeficient and develop more tumours. Clearly, then, the organ had something to do with building the immune system.
Miller — French by birth, originally named Meunier and later naturalised British — was a genius. Just seven years later he discovered that lymphocytes were not a single, uniform family but two distinct lineages:
- T lymphocytes (maturing in the thymus) and
- B lymphocytes (maturing in bone marrow).
📢 The fact that he never received a Nobel Prize remains baffling.

2⃣ The thymus is the only organ in the body that shrinks with age. It plays its most important role during embryonic life and early childhood, and gradually not only becomes smaller but also replaces its lymphoid tissue with fat.
Because of its position — high in the chest, beneath the sternum and in front of the heart — it is often partially or completely damaged during paediatric cardiac surgery, which can lead to immunodeficiencies in affected children.
A curiosity for you: in Valencian cuisine the thymus is eaten. It’s known as lleterola, and fried with young garlic it’s a genuine delicacy. The finest lamb offal you can imagine.

3⃣ This next point is truly extraordinary: epithelial cells in the thymic medulla express every single protein encoded in the genome. Nowhere else in the body does this happen.
Tissues normally differ from one another precisely because they express only the proteins needed for their own physiological functions; the rest of the genome stays silent.
Why, then, does the thymus do the opposite?
Because here is where lymphocytes are put to the test — first to select the useful ones, and then to eliminate the dangerous ones.
This relates to the immune system’s core mission: to recognise what is “self” and to reject what is “not-self”.

▶️ The first stage is called positive selection. It takes place in the thymic cortex, and only those T cells that recognise our own tissues as “self” are allowed to survive. The rest — useless to us — die off.
Recognising “self” means identifying certain proteins on the cell membrane called the major histocompatibility complex (HLA). These molecules mark tissues as belonging to us and, incidentally, are the reason transplanted organs may be rejected.

▶️The second stage is negative selection, which occurs in the thymic medulla. Many — indeed millions — of developing lymphocytes would be autoreactive and capable of causing autoimmune disease. Negative selection is the mechanism by which we eliminate them. How does it work?
The epithelial cells here have the UNIQUE capacity to express every protein in the body. If a thymocyte reacts to any of these proteins, it receives a signal to die. Through this process, known as tolerance, the immune system disposes of potentially dangerous lymphocytes.

🚩 This is also why the thymus is packed with dead cells. Fortunately, macrophages are on hand to clear them away efficiently.

As you can see, for the immune system to function properly, the destruction of certain lymphocytes is just as essential as their creation.
The thymus — an organ almost “recently discovered” in functional terms — is truly astonishing.

[Autoinmunes Medicina Interna Parc Taulí @autoinMI_tauli]

2025 ACR Guideline
for the Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

⏩ uniform treatment with hydroxychloroquine
⏩ early introduction of conventional and/or biologic immunosuppressive
⏩SLE-related morbidity and mortality, and minimize medication-related toxicities

[Julio Rodríguez, PhD | Genética Clínica @bitacorabeagle]

Ley de Brandolini (también referida como el Principio de Asimetría de la Estupidez): la energía requerida para refutar información falaz o estúpida es muchísimo mayor que la necesaria para producirlas

[Salva Iborra @salva_iborra]

Only a small subgroup of people show gluten-specific responses in controlled trials, with evidence suggesting that FODMAPs and nocebo effects contribute significantly to symptoms

[María Iglesias @Mar_mies]

@gabrielrufian Ya no se trata ni de contestar a tu cuñado, después de ver el odio que se tienen no van a terminar hasta que terminen con todos, por mucho que protestemos en Europa. Muy triste que esto pase y nadie en el mundo sea capaz de frenarlo.

[Infosalus @infosalus_com]

Un ensayo demuestra la reducción de recaídas con combinación quimio-inmunoterapia tras cirugía en tumor de pulmón

https://t.co/vtV5nKDTBG

[Mauricio Ambriz @AmbrizMau]

Patógenos de riesgo según el tipo de inmunosupresión:

Intensive Care Med 2025; DOI: https://t.co/l98E28tntp

[𝔽𝕚𝕥𝕠 𝔸. 𝕋. فيتو 🇪🇭 @fitoat]

🌍 Sáhara Occidental: un pueblo que resiste ✊🏽

El pueblo saharaui lleva casi medio siglo esperando ejercer un derecho básico: el de decidir libremente su futuro.
Mientras tanto, sigue resistiendo con dignidad en los campamentos de refugiados y bajo la ocupación, manteniendo viva su cultura, identidad y lucha por la libertad.

📢 Recordar al Sáhara no es mirar al pasado, es mirar a una herida abierta del presente.
Porque la justicia no prescribe. Porque la solidaridad no tiene fronteras.

💚 Sáhara libre, ya.

#SaharaLibre #DerechoADecidir #SolidaridadInternacional #PazYJusticia

[Manual Of Medicine @ManualOMedicine]

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Causes and Differential Diagnosis

#medtwitter #foamed #usmle

[Julio Rodríguez, PhD | Genética Clínica @bitacorabeagle]

Interesantísimo: "Además de revelar un modo reproductivo bajo el cual una especie necesita clonar a otra, este «superorganismo de dos especies» desafía los límites habituales de la individualidad." 1/2

[Daniel Mayakovski @DaniMayakovski]

El gobierno de EEUU, el de Donald "Nobel de la Paz" Trump, anunció que impondrá sanciones a todas las organizaciones palestinas que enviaron videos del genocidio sionista a la Corte Penal Internacional, porque esto "son ataques injustos contra Israel".

700 días de genocidio en Gaza y la única sanción que Occidente ha impuesto ha sido a organizaciones palestinas que denuncian el genocidio sionista ante la Corte Penal Internacional.

[Autoinmunes Medicina Interna Parc Taulí @autoinMI_tauli]

Cutaneous vasculitis; An
Algorithmic approach to
diagnosis

⏩50% of cases are idiopathic.

⏩Rule out infections, drugs, systemic disease, malignancy

https://t.co/vOxIpuYmXP

[María Iglesias @Mar_mies]

@nihlaski Por lo menos en grandes ciudades si, verdad verdadera.

[María Iglesias @Mar_mies]

Crónica de una sociedad intoxicada. Altamente recomendable tanto para público general como para personal sanitario y científico, por @joanrlaporte

[Autoinmunes Medicina Interna Parc Taulí @autoinMI_tauli]

The Lancet: Advances in the classification and management of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies

⏩Autoantibodies: identification of disease subtypes
⏩IFN-induced transcripts: diagnosis and monitoring disease
⏩ B cells with CD19 T-cell therapy

https://t.co/FBsDoCK1HL

[Trends in Immunology @TrendsImmuno]

News from the T cell trogocytosis front https://t.co/5y6NDoKCld #immunology