A patient with esophageal carcinoma presents with hoarseness. The tumor most likely involves a nerve located in which groove?
A. Between trachea and vertebral column
B. Between aorta and esophagus
C. Between lung and pleura
D. Between trachea and esophagus
E. Between bronchus and pulmonary artery
During surgery, a surgeon accidentally transects a nerve passing anterior to the root of the left lung. The patient later develops paralysis of the left hemidiaphragm.
Which nerve was injured?
A.Left phrenic nerve
B. Left vagus nerve
C. Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
D. Greater splanchnic nerve
E. Cardiac sympathetic nerve
A 60- year old man presents with difficulty walking and bilateral leg weakness. MRI shows compression of the spinal cord due to degeneration of the ligaments and vertebrae in the lumbar spine. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Scoliosis
B. Lumbar raduculopathy
C. Spinal stenosis
D. Sciatica
A patient presents with facial swelling and dilated veins in the upper chest.
Which structure is most likely obstructed?
A. Inferior vena cava
B.Superior vena cava
C. Azygos vein
D.Pulmonary trunk
E. Thoracic duct
A patient has difficulty breathing due to a mass in the superior mediastinum compressing the airway. Which structure is most likely compressed?
A.Esophagus
B.Thoracicduct
C. Trachea
D.Azygos vein
E.Phrenic nerve
A patient has referred pain over the tip of the shoulder after perforation of a duodenal ulcer.
Which nerve transmits this pain?
A. Vagus nerve
B. Greater splanchnic nerve
C.Intercostal nerve
D.Phrenic nerve
E.Recurrent laryngeal nerve