Researchers just estimated the size of all the LLMs by asking it knowledge questions of varying degrees of obscurity!
– GPT 5.5: ~10T params
– Claude Opus 4.x: ~4-5T
– Grok 4: ~3T
The idea here is that factual capacity scales log-linearly with size. The paper shows 7 knowledge tiers and T7 is essentially ~0% for all models, suggesting there is still significant headroom for pretraining. Gemini 3.1 Pro is likely >10T given its used as an anchor but has no direct estimate.
This means we can infer what different models might cost to some degree and their post-training effectiveness (performance at certain non-factual tasks given its size).
One of the coolest papers I’ve read of late.
Agency > Intelligence
I had this intuitively wrong for decades, I think due to a pervasive cultural veneration of intelligence, various entertainment/media, obsession with IQ etc. Agency is significantly more powerful and significantly more scarce. Are you hiring for agency? Are we educating for agency? Are you acting as if you had 10X agency?
Grok explanation is ~close:
“Agency, as a personality trait, refers to an individual's capacity to take initiative, make decisions, and exert control over their actions and environment. It’s about being proactive rather than reactive—someone with high agency doesn’t just let life happen to them; they shape it. Think of it as a blend of self-efficacy, determination, and a sense of ownership over one’s path.
People with strong agency tend to set goals and pursue them with confidence, even in the face of obstacles. They’re the type to say, “I’ll figure it out,” and then actually do it. On the flip side, someone low in agency might feel more like a passenger in their own life, waiting for external forces—like luck, other people, or circumstances—to dictate what happens next.
It’s not quite the same as assertiveness or ambition, though it can overlap. Agency is quieter, more internal—it’s the belief that you *can* act, paired with the will to follow through. Psychologists often tie it to concepts like locus of control: high-agency folks lean toward an internal locus, feeling they steer their fate, while low-agency folks might lean external, seeing life as something that happens *to* them.”
"La AI le va a quitar el trabajo a los programadores"
Si supieran que hay departamentos completos que pueden ser remplazados por un simple script de python...
@cneuralnetwork Because its derivative is super convenient when used with CE, resulting in dL/dz=y_k - 1 (correct class, one-hot). Otherwise, it's a headache.
HILO: ¿Por qué PEDRO SÁNCHEZ es INMUNE a TODO ESCÁNDALO?
Caso Begoña, Ábalos en la cárcel, Leire arrestada, el hermano, Delcy Gate, apagones, Marruecos, la vivienda, Rep Dominicana, ... La lista crece y NO cae
¿Quién lo sostiene? ¿Cómo?
RT: Vas a entenderlo TODO 🧵👇🏼
@IndonesiaMar "Horario" no. "Horario de atención al público". En la administración se echan 37.5h/semana (38.45 de octubre a abril, y 36.15 de mayo a septiembre). Y no es nada raro, que muchos puestos no bajen de las 50h/semana. Por cierto, fichando hasta la fracción de minuto.