@ForensicsKuria@kipmurkomen Spot on. Merely affecting that they are responding to 'newly emerging and complex challenges' cannot obscure the very evident fact that they are failing to solve the most basic support functions of a city.
When more floods hit soon, they'll say these are 100 year problems. ๐คฆ๐ฟ
This math sits underneath every AI model being trained right now.
Gradient. Jacobian. Hessian.
Three words that look intimidating at first.
But they are really just three ways of measuring change.
๐ญ. ๐๐ฟ๐ฎ๐ฑ๐ถ๐ฒ๐ป๐ โf
Takes a scalar function:
f : โโฟ โ โ
Returns a vector of first-order partial derivatives.
It answers:
"Which direction makes f increase fastest?"
That is why gradients are central to optimization.
Gradient descent moves in the opposite direction because the gradient points uphill.
Backpropagation efficiently computes gradients during training.
๐ฎ. ๐๐ฎ๐ฐ๐ผ๐ฏ๐ถ๐ฎ๐ป J_F
Takes a vector-valued function:
F : โโฟ โ โแต
Returns an m ร n matrix of first-order partial derivatives.
It answers:
"How does each output change with each input?"
The Jacobian is the local linear map of a vector-valued function.
It shows up in:
โ sensitivity analysis
โ change of variables
โ automatic differentiation
โ forward-mode AD
โ reverse-mode AD / backpropagation
In simple terms:
forward-mode AD uses Jacobian-vector products.
reverse-mode AD uses vector-Jacobian products.
๐ฏ. ๐๐ฒ๐๐๐ถ๐ฎ๐ป H_f
Takes a scalar function:
f : โโฟ โ โ
Returns an n ร n matrix of second-order partial derivatives.
It answers:
"How does the gradient itself change?"
That means the Hessian measures curvature.
When the second partial derivatives are continuous, the Hessian is symmetric.
At a critical point:
โ positive definite Hessian โ strict local minimum
โ negative definite Hessian โ strict local maximum
โ indefinite Hessian โ saddle point
The clean mental model
Gradient = first derivatives of one output
โ tells you direction
Jacobian = first derivatives of many outputs
โ tells you sensitivity
Hessian = second derivatives of one output
โ tells you curvature
And the relationship between them is simple:
The Hessian is the Jacobian of the gradient.
For a scalar output, the Jacobian contains the same partial derivatives as the gradient, up to row/column convention.
Same idea:
measure change.
Different object:
direction, sensitivity, curvature.
Once this clicks, optimization stops looking like a pile of formulas.
It starts looking like a map of the problem.
This attempt by @WilliamsRuto to reason with the people falls short for one very basic reason:
At no point in this speech does he identify wasteful govt expenditure as the main reason it has become addicted to fuel taxes!
Doesn't see it & isn't willing to do anything about it.
@WilliamsRuto As President, his admin has increased the taxes on fuel. This is illogical, whatever short term justifications they may have.
No one ever gets elected to drive up the cost of living anywhere in the world. You get elected to make things better!
Mr President, do better!
This attempt by @WilliamsRuto to reason with the people falls short for one very basic reason:
At no point in this speech does he identify wasteful govt expenditure as the main reason it has become addicted to fuel taxes!
Doesn't see it & isn't willing to do anything about it.
@WilliamsRuto If he was really listening, and if he was really open to understanding how untenable the situation is, he would seek a more far-reaching solution, may the chips fall where they will.
As candidate in 2022, he identified high fuel taxes as the biggest driver of the cost of living
@odo_of_bayeux@dmemhm@nypost@elonmusk Oh yeah?
Then someone forgot to tell the casting crew of the Odyssey that Andromeda, played by white Rosamund Pike, was actually identified as Ethiopian in Greek mythology.
@odo_of_bayeux@dmemhm@nypost@elonmusk What's happening in 2026 to render the examples pointless?
Has the fact of Greeks expressing an opinion suddenly erased the relevance of everything else that came before it?
If nothing else, @realDonaldTrump does sure make his lawyers earn their retainers.
He is sure to put them to work in service of his combative style of wheeler dealing, and then gets to pay them in "you get to be a Donald Trump lawyer" crypto.
๐
Got to agree with the general sentiment this Total Shutdown Monday.
Taxing production through higher fuel costs is pretty dumb.
The government must be made to accept this point.
#totalshutdownmonday#transportshutdownkenya
@sirjakk@SRUmberger@dmemhm@nypost@elonmusk Lolz! So if part or whole of the audience would happen to be white, then there would be grounds for offence?
What are you saying? ๐
@odo_of_bayeux@dmemhm@nypost@elonmusk Oh, it's the Greeks now?
(Ps. This is Marlon Brando playing a Japanese waif, Sakini, in "The Teahouse of the August Moon".)
Got to agree with the general sentiment this Total Shutdown Monday.
Taxing production through higher fuel costs is pretty dumb.
The government must be made to accept this point.
#totalshutdownmonday#transportshutdownkenya