Krytyczne myślenie jest silnie zależne od kontekstu i wiedzy. „Myślenie jak naukowiec” różni się od „myślenia jak historyk” czy prawnik. Ekspert w jednej dziedzinie nie automatycznie dobrze myśli w innej. Badania pokazują słaby transfer ogólnych strategii myślenia między odległymi dziedzinami.
Sama wiedza faktograficzna też nie wystarczy. Trzeba ją łączyć z praktyką analizowania, argumentowania i rozwiązywania problemów w obrębie tej dziedziny. Uczenie oderwanych „technik myślenia” w próżni jest mało skuteczne.
Można uczyć niektórych strategii metapoznawczych (np. świadomego sprawdzania, czy nie kieruje nami emocja lub jedna strona argumentu), ale ich skuteczność mocno zależy od posiadanej wiedzy i powtarzalnej praktyki w konkretnych kontekstach.
In August, X open-sourced the code that affects a post’s visibility in the For You feed – including ranking, model configuration, filters, and core systems. The repository is publicly available, updated regularly, and accepts pull requests from outside contributors.
Alongside the open-sourced code, Under the Hood gives eligible users aggregate data on any visibility-limiting labels applied to their account or posts, including cases driven by local legal demands.
Together they make the system inspectable. That is the standard.
This paper answers why confident idiots run the world.
Cornell University published a psychological paper that explains every terrible boss, every loud influencer, and every broken corporate hierarchy.
It’s called “Unskilled and Unaware of It.”
they tested participants across logic, grammar, and humor to measure the gap between actual performance and self-perception.
And the results are wild.
participants scoring in the bottom 12th percentile consistently believed they were operating in the 62nd percentile.
they were not lying. they were literally incapable of recognizing their own incompetence.
the paper revealed a brutal paradox:
the exact skills required to master a domain are the exact same skills required to accurately evaluate your own competence in that domain.
if you lack the skill, you inherently lack the cognitive capacity to realize you are failing.
this creates a dangerous systemic loop.
the incompetent are blessed with absolute, blinding certainty. their brain protects them from their own ignorance, allowing them to speak first, demand authority, and never second-guess their decisions.
meanwhile, the actual experts suffer the exact inverse.
top performers in the study consistently underestimated their rank. because a task was easy for them, they falsely assumed it was easy for everyone else.
they hesitate. they obsess over nuance. they assume they have nothing unique to add.
we are biologically wired to confuse confidence with competence.
the loudest person in the room gets promoted, gets funded, and gets the microphone, not because they know what they are doing, but because they are physically incapable of seeing what they don't.
the only defense mechanism is building systems that stop rewarding absolute certainty and start demanding proof of work.
57 years ago today the first message ever sent over the ARPANET was: "lo"
they were trying to type "login"
Logins have been problematic ever since
#ARPANET#InternetHistory
Euro NCAP rating: ★★★★★
... for style
☆☆☆☆☆ for escaping the test mid-air
someone forgot that NCAP stands for New Car Assessment Programme, not new Aircraft 🤣
Ważny wyrok TSUE ws. nieautoryzowanych transakcji płatniczych. Trybunał potwierdził stanowisko Prezesa #UOKiK
Co do zasady bank w pierwszej kolejności musi niezwłocznie zwrócić klientowi pieniądze - nawet jeśli podejrzewa jego rażące niedbalstwo. Ewentualna odpowiedzialność klienta może być rozstrzygana później.
O przestrzeganie tych zasad Prezes UOKiK od lat upomina się w działaniach wobec banków.
Cztery banki już zobowiązały się do zmian. Tego samego oczekujemy od pozostałych.
Więcej: https://t.co/KO6torTocr
@NataliaSpace11 so like u, just writing a post without checking the facts: Poland pays ~$50M/year for Ukraine’s Starlink
SpaceX controls the network and has already cut or limited access at least 4 times