The INC and the leftists have brainwashed our folks so badly post-independence that it's impossible for people with 150 IQ who have studied in IITs (arguably among the toughest exams to crack in the world) and Harvards/Oxfords to not keep repeating communist lies.
These are the real badasses of the country who keep it running in proper Hindu order. The same people kill terrorists as soldiers in the Army at the borders and kill Naxals/Maoists via informal senas.
Don't understand why all the "oppressed" keep coming at us, mere beggars ;)
The Rajputs & Bhumihars in Bihar had a Virtual monopoly on all the Firearms in the State , The demand for weapons was even higher than States like Jammu Kashmir & Punjab which were plagued with Terrorism in the 80s
In very early texts like the Shatapatha Brahmana, Brahman is already seen as a primordial creator with creative heat and austerity. Establishing the Gods and them becoming immortal via Brahman. Yang (Brahmana texts) & the yin (Upanishads)
The root brah seen in Brihaspati/Brahmanspati/Brahmin/Brahman is similar to that found in Old Norse, called Bragi/bragr, which is very closely (there are different theories) associated with Wodanaz, the fatherly formulator. The overlap is inspired divine speech formulation.
ML West sees similarity in the words Arya-mā & Brah-mā as masc. deifications of an abstract entity. The former is based on the deity's character being a communal spirit deified; the latter is based on sacred speech/truth being deified, which is what Brahmā becomes later!
In later Brahmana texts, Brahman is the self-existent origin and ground of the universe, separate from ritual and formulations but still tied to them. Upanishadic texts talk about attaining it as the ultimate knowledge of the self for liberation.
No.
Columbus was aware that India proper (as opposed to the broader term "las Indias," often translated as the "Indies") was further West than Japan or China.
He assumed that Cuba was Cipango (i.e. Japan), implying that he expected to land in Japan first.
This is clear from his journal entries.
Under "Martes, 23 de Otubre (=Octubre)" he says:
«Quisiera hoy partir para la isla de Cuba, que creo que debe ser Cipango, según las señas que dan esta gente de la grandeza della y riqueza...»
"I wanted to set out today for the island of Cuba, that I believe must be Cipango, judging by the signs these people give regarding its size and its wealth..."
Under "Mjercoles (= Miercoles), 24 de Otubre," he says:
«...porque por lengua no los entiendo: es la isla de Cipango de que se cuentan cosas maravillosas, y en las esferas que yo vi y en las pinturas de mapamundos es ella en esta comarca...»
"...for I do not understand them by their language, it [i.e. Cuba] is the island of Cipango, of which marvelous things are told, and on the globes I saw and in the drawings of world maps, it [i.e. Cipango] is in this region..."
Even when he reaches Jamaica he mentions that the Ganges is ten days journey West of the province of "Ciguare," which was itself nine days West by land from the Central American coast.
ML West sees similarity in the words Arya-mā & Brah-mā as masc. deifications of an abstract entity. The former is based on the deity's character being a communal spirit deified; the latter is based on sacred speech/truth being deified, which is what Brahmā becomes later!
The deity Aryaman/Ariyman has not even one solo hymn dedicated to him. Always invoked in tandem with Varuna-Mitra, the other solar-associated communal/kinship Aditya gods related to Rta. Always in a binding, civilising, marriage role. Also of safe passage. Social order, basically
@anuvrata7@a_south_indian@MRavinderReddi So it's highly likely that the deity Aryaman/Ariyaman is a deified "spirit of community". That fits with the meaning of the breakdowns perfectly. Aria (side by side) + man (mind/spirit)
So, one can be certain, to a VERY good extent, based on the functionality, that Aryaman/Ariyman likely doesn't mean the "spirit of the noble/freeman/exceptional/honorable" as far as the earliest texts are concerned. More so in the Avesta: "sam Aryama"