Scientists have achieved a major milestone in fusion research: they sustained an artificial sun burning inside a machine for 102 seconds.
South Korea’s KSTAR fusion reactor (Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research) successfully maintained high-performance plasma at 100 million °C (180 million °F), roughly seven times hotter than the core of the Sun, for a record 102 seconds in high-confinement (H-mode) operation. This more than doubled the device’s previous performance in just a few years.
Fusion is the same process that powers the Sun and stars: it merges light atomic nuclei to release vast amounts of energy. If harnessed on Earth, it could provide nearly limitless clean electricity with no carbon emissions and minimal long-lived radioactive waste, often called the “holy grail” of energy.
The main challenge is controlling plasma, a superheated state of matter so energetic that no physical container can hold it. Scientists use powerful magnetic fields inside doughnut-shaped tokamaks to suspend and contain it.
KSTAR’s breakthrough came after upgrading its divertor (the component that handles the most intense heat) to tungsten. This new fully tungsten-lined interior allowed the reactor to sustain stable high-confinement plasma for 102 seconds, the first time it achieved this duration in the new configuration.
While KSTAR does not yet produce electricity, every extra second of stable operation yields critical data for future fusion power plants. The team’s next ambitious target is to maintain these extreme conditions for 300 seconds.
[Korea Institute of Fusion Energy (KFE) official announcements and campaign results (2024)]
Lagrange points are positions in space where the gravitational forces of two large masses, such as the Sun and the Earth, balance each other out. This means that a small object, such as a satellite, can orbit at these points with minimal fuel consumption. There are five Lagrange points, labeled L1 to L5, for any pair of orbiting bodies. L1, L2, and L3 are on the line connecting the centers of the two large masses, while L4 and L5 form the vertices of two equilateral triangles with the centers of the two large masses.
The Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler identified the three collinear Lagrange points (L1, L2, L3) around 1750. This discovery preceded by about a decade the finding of the remaining two points by the Italian-born Joseph-Louis Lagrange.
@we200032@TruthFairy131 Why are THEY leaches and every white person who’s families literally ALL CAME HERE AS GENOCIDAL IMMIGRANTS and did the SAME THING YOURE DESCRIBING aren’t. If you're actually Indian, how are YOU not a leech? Aren't you here to get paid and live well? Didn't your parents do the
@elonmusk Because white men in the UK havent been systematically oppressed for half a millennium maybe. You come from such a putrid level of privilege its disgusting how you treat people. Without Daddy’s emerald mine you would be working in a cubicle…
President Trump is floating the possibility of keeping the UFC arena on the White House South Lawn — built for a series of fights on his birthday and Flag Day — permanently.
Read more: https://t.co/PdI3ZarEYr
Beren and Lúthien was published on this day in 2017.
It contains the various versions of the story previously published throughout the volumes of The History of Middle-earth and Silmarillion, condensed into a single book by Christoper Tolkien.
The story is one of three great tales set in the First Age. The other two being The Children of Húrin and The Fall of Gondolin.
Have you read it yet?
James Stewart was a film star, #SagAftraMember and Air Force Veteran, as well as our 6th SAG Life Achievement Award recipient. With 80 films under his belt, we're curious. What is your favorite project of his? Let us know below! #BOTD
They came from Iceland and Radiohead liked them. That’s about all we knew about Sigur Rós back when Ágætis Byrjun first starting making the rounds. See where the band's second album falls on our list of the 200 best albums of the 2000s: https://t.co/AzIGb4Cw10
He was Satyendra Nath Bose, an Indian physicist whose quiet brilliance in the 1920s forever altered our understanding of the quantum world.
In 1924, Bose, then a 30-year-old professor in British India, sent a groundbreaking manuscript directly to Albert Einstein. The paper offered a novel, more elegant derivation of Planck's law for blackbody radiation by treating light quanta (photons) as indistinguishable particles—a radical departure from classical statistical methods. Impressed by its insight, Einstein personally translated the work into German and facilitated its publication in the prestigious Zeitschrift für Physik.
This exchange sparked a brief but profound collaboration. Einstein extended Bose's statistical approach to material atoms, predicting a bizarre new state of matter at ultra-low temperatures: what we now call a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), where particles behave as a single quantum wave. Bose's original framework became known as Bose-Einstein statistics, and the class of particles that obey it—those with integer spin, including photons, gluons, W and Z bosons, and the Higgs boson—was later named bosons in his honor by Paul Dirac.
Unlike fermions (matter particles like electrons), which obey the Pauli exclusion principle and cannot occupy the same quantum state, bosons can pile into identical states en masse. This "social" behavior underpins extraordinary macroscopic phenomena: the coherent light of lasers, the zero-resistance flow in superconductors, and the collective quantum coherence in BECs.
Despite the monumental impact—his statistics describe half of all fundamental particles and enabled key advances in quantum field theory, condensed matter physics, and particle physics—Bose remained remarkably unassuming. He continued teaching at universities in Dhaka and Calcutta (now Kolkata), mentored students, pursued ideas in X-ray crystallography, unified field theory, and other areas, and never sought the spotlight. Nominated several times for the Nobel Prize (notably for Bose-Einstein statistics and his later work), he was never awarded it, and his name rarely appears in popular accounts of 20th-century physics.
There's a poignant humility in his story: a man whose legacy literally names one of the two fundamental families of particles in the universe, yet whose personal fame never matched the scale of his contribution. Bose reminds us that true influence often arrives without fanfare. Some breakthroughs echo through textbooks and technologies, while their creators work in the background, content to let the universe carry their ideas forward—even if history's spotlight rarely finds them.
Donald Trump posted 55 times on social media between 10:00 pm and 1 am. His posting spree included calls to arrest Obama, Clinton, Comey etc. He also attacked his own DOJ for not charging them with treason.
This man is not well. 25th Amendment now.
David Jones (aka Dave Jay, aka David Bowie) in 1963. He was 16 years-old when he stepped in as saxophonist and lead singer for The Kon-rads at a gig in a south London pub.
Look at more amazing historical photos: https://t.co/W7jIvOHun5