Across the world, voters are angry.
Why? Because we are living through one of history’s great technological revolutions — and these transformations always produce deep anxiety and fear.
My take:
@Tony51211745082@GDB181 Las dictaduras dan poco de comet y “educación” ideologizada como aquí! Qué esperabas? Que felicitáramos a este narcogobierno populista y autoritario?
“Las políticas económicas deben ser analizadas en términos de los incentivos que crean y no de las esperanzas que las produjeron”.
Thomas Sowell, Basic Economics
Karl Marx spent his life explaining an economy he never once participated in. He wrote *Das Kapital* in the reading room of the British Museum, subsisting on handouts from Friedrich Engels, whose family owned the very factories Marx despised. But that irony is the least of his problems.
Start with the labor theory of value, the rotten foundation holding the whole structure up. Marx claimed a good's value comes from the socially necessary labor time poured into it. Sounds tidy. It collapses on contact with reality. You can spend forty hours hand-carving a mud pie and it remains worthless. Value lives in the mind of the buyer, not the sweat of the maker. Carl Menger settled this in 1871 with the theory of marginal utility. Value is subjective. A bottle of water sells for pennies in Vienna and for a fortune in the Sahara, and the labor inside it never changed.
Once subjective value stands, Marx's "surplus value" story falls with it. He insisted the capitalist steals the gap between what labor produces and what labor gets paid. But the worker gets paid today for output the entrepreneur sells months later, at a price nobody can guarantee. Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk named this correctly: the capitalist advances wages now and shoulders the risk of loss. Time preference explains the wage gap. That is not theft. That is a service, and workers line up for it because they prefer a paycheck Friday over a gamble that pays off next year.
Then there is calculation. In 1920 Ludwig von Mises demolished the socialist project in a single stroke: without private ownership of capital goods, you have no market prices for them, and without prices you cannot calculate whether building tractors or grain silos wastes resources. The planner flies blind. The Soviets proved it for seventy years, producing shoes nobody could wear and steel nobody needed while people queued for bread. Twenty million dead in the process, give or take a census.
Marx predicted capitalism would immiserate the worker until revolution. Instead the worker got refrigerators, antibiotics, and a smartphone with more computing power than NASA had in 1969.
His theory failed the exam. Every single question.