A 7-year-old boy was brought to clinic because his parents noticed that his left leg had been “growing bigger and longer every year.”
What is the diagnosis?
Ini hasil selepas turun 24kg dalam masa setahun
Walaupun penat tak rehat dari tahun lepas, KA wajibkan pergi gym setiap hari dan jaga makan. Bermula dari zaman bina rembayung, shoot video puasa, sampai ke launching Sambal Bilis, tetap eat clean and bersenam. Ni hasil selepas setahun jaga disiplin 🥹
🩺 KNOW YOUR LAB TESTS #10: HbA1c
One blood test can give you a picture of your average blood sugar over the past 2–3 months. 🩸
What does HbA1c measure? What do the numbers mean, and how is it used in diabetes diagnosis and monitoring?
🧵 Let’s break it down. 👇
#KnowYourLabTests #HbA1c #GlycatedHemoglobin #DiabetesAwareness #LabTests #PharmaAmeer
🩺 Low Back Pain (LBP): Evidence-Based Essentials | JAMA 2026
Low back pain is the #1 cause of Years Lived with Disability (YLD) worldwide. While imaging is often overused, ~90% of cases are nonspecific and respond to conservative care.
🔑 Clinical Pearls
• Don’t image routinely—treat the patient, not the MRI.
• Always exclude red flags (cancer, infection, fracture, cauda equina syndrome, axial spondyloarthritis).
• Distinguish mechanical from inflammatory back pain.
✅ Management
Acute NSLBP
• Reassure & educate
• Stay active; continue work
• Avoid bed rest
• Superficial heat
• NSAIDs (first-line, if appropriate)
• Short-course muscle relaxant may be considered for selected patients
Chronic NSLBP
• ⭐ Exercise is the cornerstone (aerobic, core, resistance, flexibility)
• Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
• Multidisciplinary rehabilitation
• NSAIDs as adjuncts
• Duloxetine (especially with central sensitization, fibromyalgia overlap, depression, or neuropathic features)
• Reserve tramadol only when other options fail
❌ Avoid / Not Recommended
• Routine MRI (without red flags)
• Bed rest
• Acetaminophen monotherapy
• Benzodiazepines
• Routine opioid use
• Gabapentin/Pregabalin for nonspecific LBP
• Systemic corticosteroids
📚 Reference: Cashin AG, JAMA. 2026.
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2026.9631
Take-home message:
Acute LBP → Reassure • Keep moving • Heat • NSAIDs (± short-course muscle relaxant).
Chronic LBP → Exercise first; CBT and multidisciplinary rehabilitation form the foundation. Drugs are adjuncts—not the treatment.
#LowBackPain #BackPain #Rheumatology #PainMedicine #PrimaryCare #Spine #EvidenceBasedMedicine #JAMA #FOAMed #MedicalEducation #AxialSpondyloarthritis
🧵 FIEBRE DE ORIGEN DESCONOCIDO (FOD) 2026 🔥
🚨 NUEVA DEFINICIÓN DE FOD (Delphi 2024–IDSA 2026)
✅ Fiebre ≥38,3°C en >3 ocasiones
✅ >3 semanas
✅ Sin dx tras estudio mínimo estandarizado
✅ inmunocompetente
La FOD ya no es sólo una definición temporal.
HbA1c is more than a number—it is your 3-month blood sugar report card. 🩸
• <5.7%: Normal
• 5.7–6.4%: Prediabetes
• ≥6.5%: Diabetes
For many adults with diabetes, an HbA1c target of <7% is often used—but goals should always be individualized.
Check regularly. Act early. Prevent complications.
#HbA1c #Diabetes #BloodSugar #DiabetesAwareness #MedTwitter
We face this quite often in our Rheumatology OPD.
Not every swollen foot is due to heart, kidney, or liver disease. Gabapentin and Pregabalin can also cause pedal edema—usually bilateral, but occasionally asymmetrical. Before labeling it as a drug side effect, always exclude DVT and other local causes, especially if the swelling is unilateral.
Recognize it early. Review the medication. Avoid unnecessary diuretics.
#Rheumatology #ClinicalPearls #Pregabalin #Gabapentin #PedalEdema #MedTwitter #FOAMed #MedEd #InternalMedicine #PatientSafety