Diego F. Sánchez M.

Varón, CTNiano, Médico FCM-UNA, patólogo, amante de las ciencias. MS en Bioinformática por JHU. PhD student/Fellow CRUK-MI UoM UK.

[Diego F. Sánchez M. @difersanchez]

Congrats for the whole team! An amazing work is finally available thanks to these amazing people!

[🇲🇽 Leonardo Collado-Torres @lcolladotor]

Congrats to Eddie-Luidy @eddieimada Diego @difersanchez & Luigi @marchionniLab et al for our work published in advance at @genomeresearch https://t.co/hIKaqs8XAm 🎉

It was powered by #recount2's BigWig files https://t.co/tK6iRfDhDr & @FANTOM_project's annotation #RNAseq #rstats

[Santiago Peña @SantiPenap]

Paraguay y Taiwán, socios por casi setenta años, firmamos un acuerdo sin precedentes: construiremos juntos, 50/50, uno de los mayores centros de IA del mundo.

Inteligencia artificial soberana, con la potencia energética paraguaya y tecnología de frontera taiwanesa. Apostamos por las próximas generaciones con la certeza de que el futuro no se hereda: se construye. 🇵🇾🤝🇹🇼

[Ihtesham Ali @ihteshamali]

A 21-year-old MIT student wrote a master's thesis in 1937 that Harvard's most famous professor of cognitive science later called "possibly the most important master's thesis of the century."

I read it at 2am and could not believe one paper had quietly built the entire foundation of every computer that exists today.

His name was Claude Shannon. The thesis is called "A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits."

Every smartphone in your pocket. Every server farm running ChatGPT. Every chip Nvidia ships. Every line of code an engineer has ever written. All of it traces back to a single insight one graduate student had at 21 years old, working on a side project at MIT.

Here is the story almost nobody tells you.

Claude Shannon was born in 1916 in a small town in Michigan. He grew up tinkering. Built a telegraph between his house and a friend's house using barbed wire from a nearby fence. Repaired radios for the local department store. He studied both mathematics and electrical engineering at the University of Michigan because he could not decide which one he loved more. That refusal to choose is what eventually made him.

When he got to MIT for graduate school in 1936, he was assigned to operate a strange machine called the differential analyzer. It was room-sized. Mechanical. Built by Vannevar Bush. It used a tangle of gears, shafts, and electrical relays to solve calculus problems. Most students just operated it.

Shannon did something else. He stared at the relay circuits inside it. The way they clicked open and closed. The way they routed signals through the machine.

He noticed something nobody had noticed before.

The relays inside the machine had two states. Open or closed. On or off. One or zero. And the way the relays were wired together to make decisions looked exactly like a 90-year-old branch of mathematics that almost everyone had forgotten about. Boolean algebra. Invented by a British mathematician named George Boole in the 1850s. Boole had built a system of logic where statements could be true or false, and you could combine them with operators like AND, OR, and NOT to derive new statements.

For 90 years, Boolean algebra had been a curiosity. A philosophical tool. Nobody saw a practical use for it.

Shannon saw it.

He realized that an electrical circuit was not just an electrical circuit. It was a physical implementation of a logical statement. A switch that closed when both A and B were true was an AND gate. A switch that closed when either A or B was true was an OR gate. The entire branch of pure mathematics that Boole had invented as a thought experiment could be built out of wires and relays. And once you could build logic out of wires, you could build anything that could be expressed in logic out of wires too.

This was the insight that quietly created the modern world.

Before Shannon's thesis, electrical engineers designed circuits the way artisans built watches. By feel. By experience. By trial and error. Every new circuit was a craft project. There was no theory underneath it.

After Shannon's thesis, circuit design became a branch of mathematics. You could specify the logic you wanted on paper, and translate it directly into a wiring diagram. You could prove a circuit was correct before you built it. You could simplify a circuit by simplifying the underlying logical expression.

The MIT historian who reviewed his thesis described the shift in one sentence. It transformed circuit design from an art into a science.

Shannon was 21 years old when he wrote it.

That alone would have earned him a place in every computer science textbook on Earth.

But Shannon was not done. He spent the next 11 years working on a problem nobody had even framed properly. He wanted to know what information actually was. Not what messages were. Not what signals were. What information was. Mathematically. Quantitatively. As a measurable thing.

In 1948, while working at Bell Labs, he published a 79-page paper called "A Mathematical Theory of Communication." The paper invented the entire field of information theory in a single shot.

He proved that all information, regardless of whether it was a voice on a phone, a photograph in a magazine, or a chess move on a board, could be measured in a single unit. He named that unit the bit. Short for binary digit. It was the first time anyone had given information a unit of measurement.

The paper proved something that sounded impossible. He showed that you could send a message reliably through a noisy channel, with arbitrarily low error, as long as you encoded it correctly and stayed below a specific limit he called the channel capacity. Every Wi-Fi connection, every satellite signal, every cell phone call, every fiber optic transmission across the floor of the Pacific Ocean operates inside the mathematical bounds that Shannon proved in this single paper.

He did all of this in his spare time while officially working on cryptography for the war effort.

The strangest part of the man is what he did when he was not inventing the future.

He rode a unicycle through the hallways of Bell Labs at night while juggling. He built a chess-playing machine in 1950 that played a primitive form of chess decades before computers were supposed to be capable of it. He built an electronic mouse named "Theseus" that could solve a maze and remember the solution. It was one of the first machines on Earth that learned. He built a flame-throwing trumpet for fun. He had a closet full of unicycles in different sizes. He installed a chairlift across his backyard so his kids could get to the lake faster.

Marvin Minsky, one of the founders of artificial intelligence, said Shannon was the most genuinely playful great scientist he had ever met. Other people approached research with seriousness. Shannon approached it like a kid who had snuck into the toy store after closing time.

Stevens Institute of Technology called him the least known genius of the 20th century.

That title is exactly correct. Most people have heard of Einstein, Turing, von Neumann. Shannon's name barely registers outside engineering departments. Yet without his master's thesis, there is no digital circuit. Without his 1948 paper, there is no internet. Without his framework, there is no measurement of information at all, which means no compression, no error correction, no cryptography, no machine learning.

He died in 2001 at age 84, after years of Alzheimer's disease that took away his ability to recognize the world he had built. Most newspapers ran a small obituary. The world he had given us did not pause.

His thesis is on the MIT archive. His 1948 paper is on the Bell Labs site. Both are free. Both are short. Both are still readable today by anyone willing to spend an evening with them.

The least known genius of the 20th century is one click away from you.

Most people will never open the file.

[Diego F. Sánchez M. @difersanchez]

@IPParaguay Por qué no publican mañana después de que pase todo???!!! Qué mala costumbre tienen de publicar las actividades cuando ya comenzaron. Traten de ser más serios.

[Diego F. Sánchez M. @difersanchez]

@IPParaguay Excelente iniciativa! Sería fantástico si avisan con al menos un par de días de anticipación.

[Diego F. Sánchez M. @difersanchez]

@LetiOcamposP Qué bueno! Hay que aprovechar para visitar.

[Diego F. Sánchez M. @difersanchez]

Vori vori de nuevo!!!

[IP Paraguay @IPParaguay]

El plato más querido del mundo es paraguayo: vori vori lidera el ranking de TasteAtlas 2025

https://t.co/gWJc75djNk

[IP Paraguay @IPParaguay]

El Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (Conacyt) distinguió al Dr. Antonio Leopoldo Cubilla Ramos, destacado médico patólogo y referente internacional en investigación sobre cáncer peneal y Virus del Papiloma Humano (VPH).

https://t.co/sJ1jzHPHLq

[The Nobel Prize @NobelPrize]

Our immune system is an evolutionary masterpiece. Every day it protects us from the thousands of different viruses, bacteria and other microbes that attempt to invade our bodies. Without a functioning immune system, we would not survive.

One of the immune system’s marvels is its ability to identify pathogens and differentiate them from the body’s own cells. The microbes that threaten our health do not wear a uniform – they all have different appearances. Many have also developed similarities to human cells, as a form of camouflage. So how does the immune system keep track of what to attack and what to protect? Why doesn’t the immune system attack our bodies more frequently?

Researchers long believed they knew the answer to these questions: that immune cells mature through a process called central immune tolerance (see image). However, our immune system turned out to be more complex than they believed. Mary Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi have been awarded the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance.

[Comité Olímpico Pyo @coparaguay]

🇵🇾 ¡Asunción 2031! 🤩

🌟 El legado de #ASU2022 y #ASU2025 nos impulsa a soñar en grande. Con una ciudad en constante evolución, sedes de primer nivel, sostenibilidad y el espíritu de nuestra gente, Paraguay está preparado para ser el anfitrión de los Juegos Panamericanos del 2031.

🌎 Una candidatura pensada para construir juntos el futuro del deporte.

🙌🏻 ¡El sueño panamericano nos une!

[Diego F. Sánchez M. @difersanchez]

👏👏👏

[IP Paraguay @IPParaguay]

El presidente de la República, @SantiPenap se reunió en el Castillo de Windsor, en Londres, con el rey Carlos III, siendo el primer mandatario paraguayo en ser recibido por el monarca del Reino Unido.

➡️ https://t.co/ymHd1f9Ton

[ATOME @AtomePlc]

Thank you President Peña @SantiPenap for highlighting @AtomePlc in your speech today as an example of the Paraguay-UK partnership and our shared commitment to #sustainability. 🟢

As noted by Jeremy Browne, this marked a historic first - never before has a Paraguayan president addressed @Canning_House 📜

President Peña delivered a compelling narrative of Paraguay's journey: from its origins where Guaraní peoples welcomed Spanish adventurers and together established the country with Jesuit foundations, to today's remarkable transformation into Latin America's fastest-growing economy and the first nation to achieve investment grade since the Philippines in 2013. 📈

The President invoked Paraguay's literary giant Augusto Roa Bastos, who described the country as "an island surrounded by land." That era, he declared, is over. Paraguay is ready to unleash the wealth of abundant natural resources - fertile #agricultural land, water, and #RenewableEnergy - building a low-carbon economy that doesn't just leverage these assets, but actively protects them through sustainability leadership. But, of course, central to President Peña’s speech was Paraguay’s greatest strength – its people. 🌱

Central to this vision is President Peña's strong belief in the private sector as the engine of growth. He emphasized that #Paraguay is uniquely positioned for private sector expansion, while affirming that government's essential role is to protect the most vulnerable in society. Therefore, we can proudly say that Paraguay and ATOME’s missions are heavily aligned.

A powerful vision for a nation stepping confidently onto the world stage with both ambition and social responsibility.

[Diego F. Sánchez M. @difersanchez]

@780AM Por favor, que se vayan todos!!!

[Bibi Landó @Bibilando]

Creo firmemente que se debería estudiar con seriedad el cambiar los horarios de entrada a las escuelas y oficinas. No por madrugar se tiene mayor productividad. Es importante un buen descanso. Es parte primordial de la salud y calidad de vida.
El paraguayo no vive, sobrevive.

[Diego F. Sánchez M. @difersanchez]

@fega1975 Y puedes decir con orgullo que lo estás haciendo muy bien! Muchos te lo reconocemos, es bueno que algunos te lo digan en voz alta!

[𝙇𝙪𝙘𝙖𝙨 𝙎𝙯𝙖𝙧𝙖𝙣 @lucasszaran]

Un día un Paraguayito decidió meter un buen Vori Vori en el menú de la cafetería de los Headquarters de Starbucks.
AGUANTE EL VORI VORI!

[Diego F. Sánchez M. @difersanchez]

Our latest review paper with @PedroOlivps, Pathology of squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: back to square one, published in Urol Clin N AM, is available for free until June 01 2024 at https://t.co/IMnS6n5LLL

[Diego F. Sánchez M. @difersanchez]

@sofmab Happy to be there with you in mind and soul!!!

[Ashwin Sachdeva @AshwinUrol]

Exciting interdisciplinary #PhD opportunity in the excellent @materials_dr lab to develop synthetic 🧬#BRCA2 antibodies 🔬🧫🥼🧪

Lots of potential translational applications in prostate cancer!

🚨 Deadline 15 Feb 2024

@MCRCnews @UoM_DCS @UoMSciEng @ProstateUKProfs @PCF_Science

[Ashwin Sachdeva @AshwinUrol]

#EMUC23 Rare GU cancers session:

@ArieUrology sets out the need for organ preserving treatments 🗡️ for early #penilecancer

[Diego F. Sánchez M. @difersanchez]

@sofmab @UABPathology 👏👏 excelente!!!