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[Cosmos Archive @cosmosarcive]

Quantum mechanics started with a simple but strange idea: energy comes in discrete amounts.

In 1900, Max Planck introduced the relation E = hf to explain blackbody radiation. Five years later, Einstein pushed the idea further, showing that light itself behaves as packets of energy.

From there came Bohr, Heisenberg, Schrödinger and Born, each adding a piece to the picture. What started as a problem with light became one of the foundations of modern physics.

[Cosmos Archive @cosmosarcive]

Mathematics starts with something as simple as a set of points. Then we keep adding structure.

A topological space tells us how points are connected. Add a way to measure distance, and we get a metric space. Add vectors, size, and angles, and the space becomes much richer.

Euclidean space, like ℝ³, is the familiar world of coordinates, distances and angles.

What looks like ordinary geometry is actually the result of layers of mathematical structure built one on top of another.

[dipk @dipktw]

@hajarkagalwa To protect from the dust of delhi

[dipk @dipktw]

Do you remember when you joined X? I do! #MyXAnniversary

[Black Hole @konstructivizm]

Astronomers Discover a Potentially Habitable Super-Earth Just 18–20 Light-Years Away

In October 2025, an international team of astronomers announced the discovery of one of the most intriguing exoplanets of recent years: GJ 251 c (also known as Gliese 251 c). This candidate super-Earth orbits in the habitable zone of its star and lies relatively close to our Solar System — roughly 18 light-years (about 5.5–5.6 parsecs) away in the constellation Gemini.

What We Know About the Planet
GJ 251 c circles a red dwarf star (GJ 251, spectral type M3V) with an orbital period of approximately 53.65 days. Its minimum mass is about 3.84 Earth masses. This places it in the super-Earth category — worlds more massive than Earth but lighter than ice giants such as Uranus or Neptune. At this mass, the planet could plausibly be rocky.

It sits in the habitable zone (the “Goldilocks zone”) of its star — the region where, given a suitable atmosphere, liquid water could potentially exist on the surface. Astronomers regard such worlds as among the best candidates in the search for life beyond Earth.

The star already hosts a known inner planet, GJ 251 b (orbital period ≈ 14.24 days, mass ≈ 3.85 Earth masses). GJ 251 c is the second confirmed planet in the system.

How It Was Found
The planet was detected using the radial-velocity method, which measures the tiny “wobble” of a star caused by the gravitational pull of an orbiting planet. Researchers combined high-precision data from the Habitable-zone Planet Finder (HPF) on the Hobby-Eberly Telescope and the NEID spectrograph, along with archival observations from HIRES, CARMENES, and SPIRou. Sophisticated modeling that accounts for stellar activity — common in red dwarfs — and chromatic effects helped isolate the planetary signal from noise. More than 50 different models were tested to confirm the result.

Why This Matters
The system’s proximity is a major advantage. GJ 251 c is currently regarded as one of the strongest (and possibly the best in the northern sky) candidates for direct imaging of a terrestrial planet in the habitable zone using the next generation of 30-meter-class ground-based telescopes. These future instruments could not only photograph the planet but also attempt to analyze its atmosphere for signs of water, oxygen, or other potential biosignatures.

Red dwarfs are often active, with flares and starspots that can affect nearby planetary atmospheres. However, the habitable zone around GJ 251 lies somewhat farther out than around many cooler red dwarfs, which may create comparatively milder conditions.

What’s Next
So far we know only the minimum mass and orbital parameters. The planet’s radius, precise composition, and whether it has an atmosphere remain unknown. It does not transit its star from our viewpoint, limiting some observational methods. Nevertheless, GJ 251 c already ranks among the top priority targets in the search for life outside the Solar System.

This discovery underscores the value of long-term, precise monitoring of nearby stars. In the coming years, as next-generation telescopes come online, nearby super-Earths like this one in habitable zones may provide the first direct insights into conditions that could support life on other worlds.

[dipk @dipktw]

@MeghUpdates Give some respect bro, he is human

[dipk @dipktw]

@ANI Cant understand that we lives in democracy country or dictatorship.

[dipk @dipktw]

@xbharat @abhijeet_dipke Bitchh u guys are the virus of our country

[dipk @dipktw]

@offpacedelivery The reporter said 5 because he is counting for the next match too, he is not wrong and GG no need to take the chance of reporter 's mistake to hide his fucking mistake

[dipk @dipktw]

@icelandcricket Not enough the level of this troll

[dipk @dipktw]

@MeghUpdates Bitchhhh, we understand why iit is hard to join

[dipk @dipktw]

@SaffronChargers Then do it like him to get wht u want

[dipk @dipktw]

@KantInEastt Ban indian

[dipk @dipktw]

@KKRiders Take rest, no need for wasting time

[dipk @dipktw]

@NTA_Exams Fk u guys didn't check the holiday before making the decision

[dipk @dipktw]

@HelleLyngSvends U were very serious in india

[dipk @dipktw]

Why is https://t.co/3hSUV469QO from Microsoft Store showing a Facebook login page on Windows 11?
I downloaded the official app, opened it, and got this instead of the normal WhatsApp QR screen. Weird. 🤨

@Meta @WhatsApp @Microsoft @Windows

[dipk @dipktw]

@pranavcodes_ At the beginning when i read 💀 then at end 🤡

[dipk @dipktw]

Dear @UIDAI, a computer service center charged ₹150 yesterday just to update my mother’s Aadhaar mobile number. Is this the official UIDAI fee, or are people being overcharged? Kindly clarify and take action if unauthorized charges are being taken.

@UIDAI

[dipk @dipktw]

Do you remember when you joined X? I do! #MyXAnniversary