Every time your phone tells you where you are, it is using a mathematical model of the shape of the Earth.
A Black woman from rural Virginia spent decades building that model by hand, and almost nobody knew her name until she was in her eighties.
Gladys West. She grew up in a sharecropping family in Dinwiddie County and understood early that the alternatives were the tobacco fields or the factory. She finished top of her high school class, which came with a scholarship, and took it.
Her work was satellite geodesy: taking the raw data coming down from orbit and using it to compute, correction by correction, the true irregular shape of the Earth. Not a sphere. Not even a neat ellipsoid. A lumpy thing with gravitational highs and lows.
That model is the foundation the Global Positioning System sits on. You cannot locate a point on a surface until you know precisely what the surface is.
She did this for decades, largely unremarked, and retired in 1998.
She was recognised in 2018, when her sorority mentioned her biography at a function and someone realised what was in it.
The Air Force inducted her into its Space and Missile Pioneers Hall of Fame. She earned a PhD in her seventies.
This guy is the CEO of Flock
He takes pictures of you and hands them over to the cops
But, he doesn’t want you to know what he looks like
PLEASE do NOT share his photo!
She was bought at fourteen by a man who assaulted her for five years and fathered two of her children.
When she finally fought back and he died, Missouri put her on trial — and the court ruled she had no right to defend herself. Celia. 1855.
Missouri law at the time said a woman could use deadly force to defend her honour.
Celia's lawyers argued that law covered her. The judge ruled it did not — because the statute said "any woman," and Celia was not legally a woman. She was property.
That was the finding. Not that she was lying. Not that it had not happened. That the protection did not extend to her, because she was a thing.
She was convicted and sentenced to hang. The state waited until she had given birth — the baby was stillborn — and then executed her in December 1855.
She was nineteen years old.
Her story is the kind of buried history that we must never forget https://t.co/V6OJtazidd
Zohran Mamdani responds to Netanyahu:
“As he has done time and again, Prime Minister Netanyahu used his speech to repeat baseless lies meant to sanitize his genocide of Palestinians. Yet no lie can change the fact that he remains the subject of an International Criminal Court arrest warrant alleging war crimes and crimes against humanity.”
As one girl from American TikTok said:
“Feminism doesn’t hate men: it hates abusers, aggressors, sexists, misogynists, femicide perpetrators, pedophiles, and freeloaders.
And good men aren’t bothered by this, because they hate them too.”