Fco

Filosofía, Ética, Economía, Moneda y Banca. Amor por la libertad, ciencia, verdad, belleza y bondad. Tu ne cede malis sed contra audentior ito

[Fco @fco1993]

Artículo de fundamental importancia, uno de los mejores artículos de Economía jamás escrito. Es del gran George Reisman, autor de "Capitalism", y uno de los mejores economistas del mundo.

https://t.co/SYOdEUaRfl…

[Javier Milei @JMilei]

EXTRAORDINARIO

[Elon Musk @elonmusk]

Yes

[Jose Luis Daza @JoseLuisDazaAR]

MUY IMPORTANTE lo que dice @pabloquirno

Mercosur atenta contra teoría económica básica
(Heckscher–Ohlin + Viner).

Países con dotaciones de factores similares decidieron unirse y aislarse del comercio mundial detrás de altos aranceles. Justo durante un periodo en que el comercio mundial explotó en volúmenes y valores.

Los resultados fueron exactamente lo que la teoría predice: comercio creció mucho menos que comercio mundial.

Mercosur condenó a sus poblaciones a tener peor tecnología, peores bienes y mucho más caros. Estancamiento y pobreza.

Es hora de aprovechar todas la oportunidades que la economía mundial ofrece y abandonar el proteccionismo.

Lo ha dicho también en forma clara el Presidente @JMilei

[X Freeze @XFreeze]

One of Elon Musk’s most important lessons on innovation:

If you punish people too much for failure, they stop taking risks

And once people are afraid to fail, nobody tries anything truly bold for fear of getting fired or punished in someway

You make safe decisions. Very small improvements or incremental innovation

The risk-reward has to be balanced in favor of taking bold moves. Otherwise the bold moves simply never happen

[Elon Musk @elonmusk]

Looks like we will probably catch the ship with the tower in a few months. If there had been a tower out to sea where we practiced landing the ship, it would have been caught.

First reflight of the ship will be either end of this year or early next. That will be a fork in the road of history for consciousness reaching the stars.

[Dustin @r0ck3t23]

Elon Musk admitted he is not sure this one is possible.

Musk: “This absorbs more of my mental energy than probably any other single thing. But it is so preposterously difficult that there are times where I wonder whether we can actually do this.”

He does not talk like this. Mars gets a date. Robotaxis get a date. This gets a maybe.

Stern: “What is so hard about it for just a normal person to understand?”

His answer comes down to a single number.

Musk: “In order to make a rocket fully reusable, you’ve got to basically create a rocket that can do about 4%, if not more than 4%, of its lift-off mass to orbit, which hasn’t happened before.”

Four percent. Everything else standing on that pad is fuel, tank, and engine.

The landing gear, the heat shield, the extra structure that survives reentry, all of it comes out of that same four. None of it can be left behind. The vehicle has to come home.

Musk: “So that means you have to have basically A-pluses across the board: incredibly efficient engines, incredibly efficient structure.”

Across the board is what makes this brutal. Most engineering lets you buy a weakness in one place with strength somewhere else.

The margin here is thin enough that one component landing at merely excellent drops the whole vehicle below the line. Nothing carries anything.

Musk: “But if full and rapid reusability can be achieved, it reduces the cost of access to orbit by a factor of 100 or more.”

A hundred times cheaper turns nearly every question about space from whether into when. Telescopes, stations, factories, missions that never made it past a spreadsheet.

Musk: “So we’ve got to get rockets to the point where we simply refuel the rocket and we don’t throw it away.”

Every other vehicle humans build already works that way. Space is the one place we still build the machine, use it once, and let it fall into the ocean.

Musk: “It’s the difference between humanity being a single-planet species and a multi-planet species. It’s really that big of a deal.”

Now put his doubt in context.

Landing an orbital booster upright was considered impossible by most of the industry. He spent years being told so while boosters exploded on barges. Those landings became routine, then boring, then unwatched.

Then they stopped using legs.

A twenty story booster came back from the edge of space, slowed itself, and hovered next to the tower it launched from. Two arms closed around it and took its weight in midair. Nothing touched the ground.

That was a headline for about a day.

He has been on this side of impossible before, more than once. Doubt from him measures how hard the thing is at the start rather than how it ends.

Most people never attempt anything where failure is genuinely on the table. He found the hardest problem available and made it the center of his life.

That is what real ambition looks like from the inside. Not certainty. A number nobody has ever hit, and showing up to it every morning until it falls.

[Elon Musk @elonmusk]

Free Chauvin

[Brivael Le Pogam @brivael]

Je veux présenter mes excuses, au nom des Français, pour avoir enfanté la French Theory (qui a enfanté la pire des merdes idéologiques : le wokisme).

Nous avons donné au monde Descartes, Pascal, Tocqueville. Et puis, dans les ruines intellectuelles de l'après-68, nous avons donné Foucault, Derrida, Deleuze. Trois hommes brillants qui ont fabriqué, dans l'élégance de notre langue, l'arme idéologique qui paralyse aujourd'hui l'Occident.

Il faut comprendre ce qu'ils ont fait. Foucault a enseigné que la vérité n'existe pas, qu'il n'y a que des rapports de pouvoir déguisés en savoir. Que la science, la raison, la justice, l'institution médicale, l'école, la prison, la sexualité, tout n'est qu'une mise en scène de la domination. Derrida a enseigné que les textes n'ont pas de sens stable, que tout signifiant glisse, que toute lecture est une trahison, que l'auteur est mort et que le lecteur règne. Deleuze a enseigné qu'il fallait préférer le rhizome à l'arbre, le nomade au sédentaire, le désir à la loi, le devenir à l'être, la différence à l'identité.

Pris isolément, ce sont des thèses discutables. Combinées, exportées, vulgarisées, elles forment un système. Et ce système est un poison.

Car voici ce qui s'est passé. Ces textes, illisibles en France, ont traversé l'Atlantique. Les départements de Yale, de Berkeley, de Columbia les ont absorbés dans les années 80. Ils y ont trouvé un terreau qui n'existait pas chez nous : le puritanisme américain, sa culpabilité raciale, son obsession identitaire. La French Theory s'est mariée à ce substrat, et l'enfant de ce mariage s'appelle le wokisme.

Judith Butler lit Foucault et invente le genre performatif. Edward Said lit Foucault et invente le post-colonialisme académique. Kimberlé Crenshaw hérite du cadre et invente l'intersectionnalité. À chaque étape, la matrice est française : il n'y a pas de vérité, il n'y a que du pouvoir, donc toute hiérarchie est suspecte, toute institution est oppressive, toute norme est violence, toute identité est construite donc négociable, toute majorité est coupable.

Voilà comment trois philosophes parisiens, qui n'ont probablement jamais imaginé leurs conséquences pratiques, ont fourni le logiciel d'exploitation à une génération entière d'activistes, de bureaucrates universitaires, de DRH, de journalistes, de législateurs. Voilà comment on a obtenu une civilisation qui ne sait plus dire si une femme est une femme, si sa propre histoire mérite d'être défendue, si le mérite existe, si la vérité se distingue de l'opinion.

C'est de la merde pour une raison simple, et il faut la dire calmement. Une civilisation se tient debout sur trois piliers : la croyance qu'il existe une vérité accessible à la raison, la croyance qu'il existe un bien distinct du mal, la croyance qu'il existe un héritage à transmettre. La French Theory a entrepris de dynamiter les trois. Pas par méchanceté. Par jeu intellectuel, par fascination du soupçon, par haine de la bourgeoisie qui les avait nourris. Mais le résultat est là. Une génération entière a appris à déconstruire et n'a jamais appris à construire. Une génération entière sait soupçonner et ne sait plus admirer. Une génération entière voit le pouvoir partout et la beauté nulle part.

Je m'excuse parce que nous, Français, avons une responsabilité particulière. C'est notre langue, nos universités, nos éditeurs, notre prestige qui ont donné à ce nihilisme son emballage chic. Sans la légitimité de la Sorbonne et de Vincennes, ces idées n'auraient jamais traversé l'océan. Nous avons exporté le doute comme d'autres exportent des armes.

Ce qui se construit maintenant, en silicon valley, dans les labos d'IA, dans les startups, dans les ateliers, dans tous les lieux où des gens fabriquent encore des choses au lieu de les déconstruire, c'est la réponse. Une civilisation se reconstruit par les bâtisseurs, pas par les commentateurs. Par ceux qui croient que la vérité existe et qu'elle vaut qu'on s'y consacre. Par ceux qui assument une hiérarchie du beau, du vrai, du bon, et qui n'ont pas honte de la transmettre.

Alors pardon. Et au travail.

[Krzysztof Szczawinski 🇵🇱 @Kristof_Poland]

The word tolerance has been weaponized against you. The weapon was forged in 1965. You should know who forged it and why.

Before there was the French Theory — before Foucault, Derrida, and Deleuze made deconstruction elegant and exportable — there was the Frankfurt School. And the Frankfurt School was worse, because it was deliberate. Foucault played with ideas he never expected to have consequences. Herbert Marcuse knew exactly what he was building.

These were not fringe academics. The Institute for Social Research relocated from Frankfurt to Columbia University in 1934 when Hitler came to power. Funded, positioned, and deliberate, they spent the next decades producing the theoretical infrastructure for the dismantling of the civilization that had given them refuge. This is not ingratitude – it is the logic of the project. It was universal – it applied to every Western civilization equally.

Marcuse — godfather of the New Left — published Repressive Tolerance in 1965. The most influential political document most people have never read. Its argument: tolerating wrong ideas is itself oppression. True tolerance requires the suppression of intolerant ideas. Tolerating everything is repressive. Suppressing the wrong things is liberating. The argument is circular by design – it puts the conclusion inside the premise and dares you to find the exit.

The practical implication was stated explicitly: withdrawal of tolerance from movements that are regressive, from speech that reinforces existing hierarchies. The left decides which movements are regressive. Everyone else is silenced – not despite tolerance but in its name. The most sophisticated justification for censorship ever produced, dressed in the vocabulary of liberation.

The French Theory picked up the tools and made them elegant. Foucault made the Frankfurt critique of power literary. Derrida made the critique of meaning philosophical. Deleuze made the critique of identity aesthetic. What had been a political program became a cultural sensibility – which is why it spread further and faster than the original. You can argue with a political program. A cultural sensibility is in the air you breathe.

The generation that read Marcuse went on to run the universities, the media, the foundations, the NGOs, the content moderation departments, and the EU regulatory apparatus. They did not implement his argument cynically – they implemented it sincerely, because they had been taught it as philosophy.

This is why cancel culture does not feel like censorship to the people practicing it. The journalist who demands a speaker be deplatformed genuinely believes she is defending free speech. The HR department that fires the employee for the wrong opinion genuinely believes it is creating an inclusive environment. They have been taught that this is what tolerance means. Marcuse taught them.

Musk has been fighting Marcuse’s argument for four years probably even without knowing Marcuse’s name. Every content moderation policy, every advertiser boycott, every regulatory assault – these are Repressive Tolerance, institutionalized. The DSA is Repressive Tolerance with a legal budget. The fact-checking organization is Repressive Tolerance.

The good news: the argument fails on contact with a free platform – because the suppression becomes visible, the mechanism becomes nameable, and a named mechanism loses half its power. This is why the Counter-Reformation moves so fast against X. Not because X is dangerous. Because X is where Repressive Tolerance gets named.

You are reading this now – which is precisely what Repressive Tolerance was designed to prevent.

[Krzysztof Szczawinski 🇵🇱 @Kristof_Poland]

The Most Destructive Intellectual Project of the Twentieth Century.

The Frankfurt School. You should know what it was, what it built, and why you are still living inside it.

1. The Institute for Social Research was founded in Frankfurt in 1923 and relocated to Columbia University in 1934 when Hitler came to power. The civilization they had decided to dismantle gave them refuge when another tried to kill them. They spent the next five decades producing the theoretical infrastructure for that dismantling. Western civilization itself was the problem: reason, the Enlightenment, the family, tradition, authority. Not reformed. Dismantled.

2. They called it Critical Theory – and the name is the program. Everything is to be criticized; nothing is to be built. In The Dialectic of Enlightenment (1944), Adorno and Horkheimer argued that Western reason — the reason that produced Newton and the rule of law — contained the seeds of Auschwitz. Not that reason had been misused, but that reason itself, taken to its conclusion, produces the death camp. This was not a critique of institutions. It was an indictment of the civilization itself.

3. Adorno gave them the psychological weapon. The Authoritarian Personality (1950) classified conservatism, religious faith, patriotism, and the traditional family not as political positions but as symptoms of a proto-fascist personality. If you believe in the nation or the father’s authority, you are pre-fascist. The opponent was no longer wrong – he was sick. You don’t argue with a pathology. You treat it.
This made dialogue impossible. You don’t persuade someone who is wrong; you diagnose someone who is sick. Politics becomes therapy, and disagreement becomes pathology.

4. Marcuse gave them the political weapon. Repressive Tolerance (1965) argued that tolerating wrong ideas is itself oppression. True tolerance therefore requires suppressing intolerant ideas. The left decides which ideas are intolerant. Everyone else is silenced – not despite tolerance, but "in its name." Censorship dressed in the vocabulary of liberation.

5. The generation that read Marcuse at Columbia, Berkeley, and Yale went on to run universities, media, foundations, NGOs, content moderation departments, and the EU regulatory apparatus. They implemented the argument sincerely because they had been taught it as philosophy. This was the Frankfurt School’s greatest achievement: it produced true believers.

6. French Theory picked up the tools and made them aesthetic. Foucault made the critique of power literary. Derrida made the critique of meaning philosophical. Deleuze made the critique of identity elegant. A political program became a cultural sensibility. You can argue with a program. A sensibility is in the air you breathe. By the time these ideas reached the American campus through the French conduit, they were no longer ideology. They were the water. The fish did not know they were wet.

7. A civilization stands on three pillars: truth exists and is accessible to reason; good is distinguishable from evil; and there is an inheritance worth transmitting. The Frankfurt School attacked all three – systematically and with considerable intellectual sophistication. It produced a generation that knows how to deconstruct and has forgotten how to build. That sees power everywhere and beauty nowhere.
The ultimate achievement was to make destruction feel like progress. Every inherited institution became suspect; every constraint became oppression; every act of preservation became reactionary. Deconstruction became the default, while construction became something that needed to justify itself.

The answer is not another theory.
It is the thing the Frankfurt School most feared: the builder who simply builds, the scientist who follows the evidence, the father who transmits what was transmitted to him.

The deconstruction machine runs on the assumption that nothing is worth building.

Prove it wrong.
Tell the truth, have courage, and build.

[Elon Musk @elonmusk]

One day, Optimus + Grok will provide incredible medical care to all the people of Earth

[X Freeze @XFreeze]

Elon Musk predicts Optimus will become a better surgeon than the best humans within just next three years and at scale

Robots don’t get tired, they can scale everywhere and work surpassing human limitations

The world is currently facing a growing shortage of surgeons. Human doctors are limited by time, fatigue, and availability

When Optimus reaches that level, advanced surgery will become available to far more people around the world

This is how we move toward abundance in healthcare

[DogeDesigner @cb_doge]

“Elon Musk is prorably the most important tech person and entrepreneur in the world for our country. Elon and SpaceX protected our air defense, saved our air force, and spared thousands of civilian lives.”

— Mykhailo Fedorov, Minister of Defense of Ukraine

[MajoMéndezCasariego ⚔️ @MJMendezCasarie]

“La verdad es que, si tuviera que señalar una institución como la más peligrosa para este país, diría que son las universidades. Porque enseñan ideas que, inevitablemente, conducen a la destrucción de esta nación.
Hoy, desde Harvard hacia abajo, muchas instituciones promueven el colectivismo, el misticismo y, sobre todo, el altruismo entendido como el sacrificio de uno mismo, la renuncia y la resignación: ideas que el mundo ha cultivado durante siglos.
Si eso continúa, este país no podrá sobrevivir.
Hoy se espera que te sientas culpable y pidas perdón ante cualquier pueblo pobre del mundo simplemente porque fuiste más próspero, porque ganaste tu dinero. Debes avergonzarte de ello, mientras otros no tienen interés en aprender cómo alcanzaste esa prosperidad; solo quieren tu dinero. Eso es lo que nos están enseñando.
Las universidades son, hoy, la institución más peligrosa de este país.” Ayn Rand-

[Tiempo De Tenis @Tiempodetenis1]

🥹🇦🇷 Estas palabras de Batata Clerc a Guillermo Vilas.

​🗣️ "No sabés lo que lo extraño... Le diría que lo quiero y que me disculpe si alguna vez le falté el respeto. Fuiste un ídolo, un genio. Gracias por todo lo que hiciste por mi país y por mí".

[Fco @fco1993]

@jannik_files 84* Total weeks at No. 1

[Elon Musk @elonmusk]

Any censorship required by governments is now clearly visible

[DogeDesigner @cb_doge]

BREAKING: 𝕏 is open-sourcing the For You timeline and introducing a new level of transparency.

The released code will explain how posts are ranked and filtered, including:

• Core ranking systems
• Model configurations
• Timeline filters
• Content labels that can affect a post’s visibility

𝕏 is also launching an “Under the Hood” page that will allow eligible users to see whether visibility-limiting labels were applied to their accounts or posts, and download that data.

The pilot will initially include a randomized group of accounts that are at least one year old and posted 10+ times during the previous month. X also invited independent recommender-system experts to review and pressure-test the release.

This is a major step toward helping users understand how their reach is determined, whether the system is fair, and why certain content appears in their feeds.

[🇺🇸Trump Times 🇺🇸 @VirginiePerez15]

🚨ALERTE MONDIALE 🚨

Elon Musk vient de demander le prix de l’Angleterre.Pas une usine. Pas le prix d’une app ou d’un réseau social . UN PAYS ENTIER.

Motif officiel : « Rendre la liberté d’expression aux Britanniques ».

⚠️45 000 arrestations pour des posts sur les réseaux depuis 2020… Et lui, il sort juste :« How much is it ? »

😂La dernière fois qu’il a dit ça… Twitter a changé de propriétaire.Le Royaume-Uni est-il le prochain X ?

Le Cybertruck sur Big Ben, Starlink au-dessus de Buckingham, et la free speech en mode max ?L’histoire est en train de s’��crire. Qui avait imaginé un jour que les milliardaires voudraient acheter des pays pour sauver la liberté ?

Idée géniale ou terrifiante?

[Elon Musk @elonmusk]

@TheBabylonBee How much is it?