fer camargo

[fer camargo @ferburton]

Hablando de peliculas historicas, vieron la que salio de avandaro? Se llama autos, mota y rocannro creo #NoEscuchenAKorno

[fer camargo @ferburton]

@GabySillerP me causa curiosidad cómo van a sortear el tema del cepo del dólar para empresas que existe todavía en Argentina, si no lo sacan me parece que la competencia sería muy poca

[fer camargo @ferburton]

@leos buenas doctora, ya vió lo del stream del conicet y el fondo del mar?, acá en Argentina se volvió viral y hay 80 mil personas viendolo, increíble:

https://t.co/3Pzwl2Ghib

[fer camargo @ferburton]

@maps_black buenas, en México hay un periodista que se llama Álvaro Delgado, puede ser que por eso salió mas buscado ahí, o nada que ver?

[🇲🇽 México Mágico ✨ @MexicoMagico]

#JuegosOlímpicos
#JuegosOlímpicosParís2024

[fer camargo @ferburton]

@roko O sea están bien, namas que deberían estar en simetría con la tele, al final se va a oír igual jaja pero lo digo por friki

[fer camargo @ferburton]

@roko Omaigaaat ya no me acordaba jeee

[fer camargo @ferburton]

@Meximapa "Aiga sido como haiga sido"

[fer camargo @ferburton]

donde yo vivía de niño siempre hizo muchísimo calor, en la Huesteca Hidalguense, en el municipio de Huejutla Hidalgo, ubicado en un valle con altos índices de humedad, apenas a 100 msnm, no recuerdo que haya llegado a la sensación térmica de hoy de 48ºC en ese lugar

[fer camargo @ferburton]

@roko @Bourbakismo uhhh hermoso, necesitamos las bases de datos de presencia de los Pokémon y ya jaja

[fer camargo @ferburton]

@HistoriaPTontos Maso, nomas le bajaron 70% al presupuesto de las universidades publicas...

[Lycaon ࿓ @Lycaones]

¡Atención México🇲🇽y el mundo🌎!¿Sabías que el español que hablamos hoy está lleno de palabras de origen #náhuatl, la lengua del antiguo imperio azteca? He descubierto 372 de estas joyas lingüísticas. Prepárate para leer unas de nuestro rico patrimonio cultural.¡Sigue este hilo🧵!

[fer camargo @ferburton]

me va a dar algo...

[任天堂株式会社 @Nintendo]

This is Miyamoto. I have been working on the live-action film of The Legend of Zelda for many years now with Avi Arad-san, who has produced many mega hit films. [1]

[任天堂株式会社 @Nintendo]

This is Miyamoto. I have been working on the live-action film of The Legend of Zelda for many years now with Avi Arad-san, who has produced many mega hit films. [1]

[Rojo Abreu. @ElRojoAbreu]

“Es que ya está viejo”
“Ya juega entre puro retirado y tronco en la MLS”
“Es que es que…”
🤫 juega #Messi𓃵
https://t.co/A5jPJcRHMq

[Epic Maps 🗺️ @theepicmap]

No hurricane has ever crossed the equator.

[Lycaon ࿓ @Lycaones]

😳

[Simpsonito @SoySimpsonito]

¡Ay, no! Se volvieron a cruzar dos canales.

[Niko McCarty. @NikoMcCarty]

Day 14 of great synthetic biology papers. Storing a video in DNA.

“CRISPR–Cas encoding of a digital movie into the genomes of a population of living bacteria,” by Shipman et al. (2017).

This is the GIF that made synthetic biology go viral. But how did it actually happen?

*****

DNA is an incredible way to store information.

It is information dense (it can store nearly 1.5 terabits per square millimeter of space, 800-times more dense than a hard drive) and extremely durable (last year, scientists sequenced a 2.4 million-year-old DNA sequence from an ice sheet in Greenland.)

Another way to think about this, from my prior essay: "a coffee mug filled with nucleic acids could store all the data produced in the last two years.” (https://t.co/odrTLYBVJC)

Despite the promise of DNA storage, this 2017 paper is the first demonstration of a movie being encoded in a living cell. The video itself is a recreation of Eadweard Muybridge’s running horse movie, which was made by stitching together still images in the late 1800s.

But how was it made?

***

To encode a video inside of living cells, we must first make the DNA.

DNA includes four letters, or nucleotides: A, T, G, and C. Each letter can be used to encode a distinct color, such as white, light gray, dark gray, or black. That is four colors in total; one for each letter. It is possible to encode more colors if you use pairs or triplets of nucleotides.

So that’s our colors sorted. But how do we know which color goes where in the image? In other words, how do we encode spatial information in DNA?

The secret is that DNA itself contains spatial information. We often say things like, “Gene A is encoded on Chromosome 6,” or “Gene B is located upstream of Gene C.”

We can take advantage of DNA's natural spacing to encode our video.

If you wanted to encode a 50 x 50 pixel image in DNA, for example, you would first map out the color of each pixel. Let’s say A = white, T = light gray, and so on. Then, you would synthesize a DNA strand, 50 letters long, for each row in the image. Next, you would insert these DNA strands into the genome in the order of their rows, such that the sequence located furthest upstream corresponds to row 0, and the strand located furthest downstream in the genome corresponds to row 49.

The challenge, of course, is getting the DNA snippets into the genome in the correct order, so that this spatial information is preserved. But there's an easy way to do that, too.

***

If you insert all the strands into the genome at random places, there will be no way to read them back out and reconstruct the image. The spatial information will be lost.

But there is a solution for this. In a 2016 Science paper, Shipman and co. figured out a clever way to insert DNA into the genome in a specific order. This technology has made all the difference for embedding videos in DNA. (https://t.co/QglKlLgPFH)

The 2016 paper shows that two proteins, called Cas1 and Cas2, can grab onto snippets of DNA that are electroporated into cells (literally, a pulse of electricity forces DNA into the cell) and then integrate them in the genome. These special proteins ALWAYS insert DNA in the same location, such that the first DNA snippet is inserted at position 0. A second DNA snippet is inserted at position 0, and the first DNA snippet moves to position 1. And so on.

After Cas1 and Cas2 have inserted dozens or hundreds of DNA strands into the genome, the final outcome is that the DNA snippet located furthest from position 0 must have been the first one to be acquired by the cells!

For the 2017 paper, Shipman synthesized all the DNA needed to encode the various pixels for each frame in the running horse paper. He then "shocked" this DNA into a population of cells. These cells took in the DNA snippets, embedded them in their genomes, and went about their day as if little had happened. When the researchers later sequenced these DNA arrays and averaged the results over mllions of cells, the team was able to retrieve the video’s information with >90% overall accuracy.

This paper is a beautiful demonstration of how a simple discovery (DNA acquisition via Cas1 and Cas2) can be used to capture and inspire people’s imagination. I like it a lot.