Nomuhle Ruva

Let's hold ourselves to the highest standards of ethics #letsmeasureup credits CFA

[Nomuhle Ruva @FierceRuva]

I'm attending this event. RT if you think others will find this helpful 🙌 https://t.co/WpXmomkUmK

[The White Hats @realWhiteHats]

🔥 WOW! TOTAL SAVAGE MODE 🔥

Rep. Nancy Mace just ENDED the career of Disgraced Secret Service Director Cheatle on LIVE-TV:

"This is Bulls**t! You are FULL of SH**!"

Got Cheatle to admit her "colossal failure"
Trump assassination "was preventable"
And leaks to press
WATCH:

[TheNewsHawks @NewsHawksLive]

Dangote: I Had My First Private Jet at 22
Nigerian billionaire Aliko Dangote says he bought his first private aircraft four months before he turned 23.
"I’ve seen it all. Whenever I see people flying everywhere in private aircraft but they don’t own a factory, it means they aren’t contributing to the economy," he said. - Arise News.

[Nomuhle Ruva @FierceRuva]

@zimlive He is a Foreign Minister which comes with a foreign portfolio so of course he will not be available as much as that MP would like . The question is where is his Deputy in the Government governance det up?

[Philosophy Matters @PhilosophyMttrs]

The birth of AI

[Vinyl Records🎱✝️🇧🇷👪🗽 @j_c_domingues]

The Sugarhill Gang
Rapper's Delight - 1979 ST
https://t.co/hMA3Xs5c5E

[AJ @AJLordship]

She was once a tree.
Now she tells the timeless story of womanhood, motherhood, and new life.

[Michael Snyder @Revelation1217]

🚨 GREECE IS PARALYZED

Airports: Grounded.

Ports: Empty.

Trains: Stopped.

Everything: Total standstill.🔥

THE MAINSTREAM MEDIA IS SILENT

Europe is waking up fast.

The world is rising.

Time to resist.

Share this everywhere. 👇

[Nomuhle Ruva @FierceRuva]

@TeamFuloZim @FlyAirZimbabwe 2-10. They are demonstrating that they do not know how to run an airline or are still using Catercraft.

[Typical African @Joe__Bassey]

This is the reality of Nigeria today.

[Nomuhle Ruva @FierceRuva]

@BoucherNicolas Claude

[Nomuhle Ruva @FierceRuva]

@BojanRadojici10 Prompts

[Nomuhle Ruva @FierceRuva]

@BojanRadojici10 Skills

[G T @gtafibak]

Well done to you,Charley Barford, first time in the world champs! Our first ever representative for Zim.Well done Zimbabwe 🇿🇼 🇿🇼

[Zimbabwe Economic Review @ZimbabweReview]

Zimbabwe Adopts Updated International Accounting and Auditing Standards.

Zimbabwe has issued S.I. 137 of 2026, formally prescribing international standards for the accounting and auditing professions. S. I. 137 of 2026 Public Accountants & Auditors (Pre Inter Stan Reg.pdf

The regulations adopt IFRS, IFRS for SMEs, IFRS Sustainability Disclosure Standards, IPSAS, International Standards on Auditing and international professional ethics standards.

[Nomuhle Ruva @FierceRuva]

@AndrewBolis Copy

[Historical Facts @HistoryFactou]

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE MARIMBA MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

Xylophones and marimbas are related wooden-bar percussion instruments (idiophones) whose origins are ancient and somewhat obscure, with independent or debated developments in Asia and Africa, later spreading to Europe and the Americas. The term “xylophone” comes from Greek roots meaning “wood sound,” while “marimba” derives from languages of Africa (related to rimba for a single bar and ma indicating plurality, or forms like mbila/mbira).

Asian Origins and Early Evidence
Most historians place the earliest clear evidence of true xylophones in Southeast Asia (mainland and archipelago, including Indonesia) by the 9th century. Simple forms include logs or wooden slabs laid across supports or a player’s legs, sometimes with a pit or trough as a resonator (e.g., Indonesian gambang). More developed versions appear in temple reliefs and traditions in Thailand (ranat family), Myanmar, and elsewhere.

A hanging wood-harmonicon type is sometimes claimed for China around 2000 BCE, and related instruments existed in Hindu regions, though xylophones played a limited role in East Asian music overall (appearing later via Southeast Asian or Chinese merchant influences, such as the Japanese mokkin). Metallophone relatives (bronze bars) developed prominently in Indonesian gamelan ensembles.

African Traditions
Xylophones are widespread and highly varied across sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in central, western, and eastern regions (e.g., Mali, Congo, Tanzania, Mozambique, Angola, Uganda). Historical mentions date to at least the 13th–14th centuries in the Mali region (oral traditions and accounts like Ibn Battuta’s mid-14th-century description of reed instruments with calabash resonators). Portuguese missionaries in the 16th century noted sophisticated gourd-resonated instruments (e.g., ambira in Mozambique).

African types include free-key versions (bars on logs or over a pit), fixed-key instruments, and those with individual calabash/gourd resonators—often fitted with mirlitons (vibrating membranes) that produce a buzzing tone. Common names include balafon/balo (West Africa), amadinda/akadinda (Uganda), and marimba in other areas.

Ensembles can be large (e.g., Chopi timbila orchestras). Similarities to Southeast Asian instruments in tuning and construction exist, but whether this reflects migration/trade (one theory involves Austronesian influence around AD 500) or independent invention remains debated; some scholars emphasize Africa’s greater variety of forms as evidence of local development.

Transmission to Latin America and the Name “Marimba”
African slaves brought gourd-resonated xylophones to the Caribbean, Central America, and South America from the 16th–17th centuries onward. The instrument became known as the marimba (adopting the African name) and developed distinctively, especially in Guatemala, Mexico, and Brazil. Calabash resonators were gradually replaced by tuned wooden boxes or chambers; mirlitons were sometimes retained for a characteristic buzz. It was noted among Indigenous communities in Guatemala by the late 17th/early 18th century and later proclaimed a national instrument there. Chromatic keyboards appeared in Guatemala by the late 19th century (e.g., associated with Sebastián Hurtado around 1894).

Europe
The xylophone likely reached Europe via trade or the Crusades. The earliest written European reference is from 1511 by German organist Arnolt Schlick, who called it hültze glechter (“wooden laughter” or “wooden clatter”). It was a Central/Eastern European folk instrument known as Strohfiedel (“straw fiddle,” from bars resting on straw) or similar, with bars often arranged extending away from the player.

These instruments reflect deep, multi-continental histories of wooden tuned percussion, evolving from simple log or slab forms into sophisticated concert instruments through cultural exchange, enslavement-era transmission, and industrial refinement.

[Nomuhle Ruva @FierceRuva]

@robertsmith_ai Google

[Nomuhle Ruva @FierceRuva]

@JobFound5 Interested

[Nomuhle Ruva @FierceRuva]

@GlobalEllah Interested