J.R.R. Tolkien explains why he spent years building Middle-earth before writing The Lord of the Rings.
In a rare interview, Tolkien is asked why he devoted more than a decade to creating the world behind his stories before writing them.
He rejects the idea that Middle-earth emerged purely from his unconscious, describing himself instead as “a meticulous sort of bloke” who spent years working out timelines, languages, histories, customs, and genealogies until everything fit together.
For Tolkien, the world existed before the story.
He even says The Hobbit began almost by accident, explaining that the larger mythology was already in place and that the novel simply became absorbed into it.
When asked why anyone would build an entire fictional world before telling a story, Tolkien points to what he calls “subcreation.”
As creations of a Creator, he argues, humans naturally desire to create. Since we cannot create something from nothing, we instead reshape existing reality into new forms that are both imaginative and aesthetically satisfying.
Tolkien also rejects the idea that art should be driven solely by moral purpose, insisting that beauty and aesthetics are just as fundamental to human creativity.
Discussing good and evil, he explains that Sauron was not evil from the beginning but fell from grace, much like Lucifer. The One Ring, he says, symbolizes a power so absolute that even someone with good intentions would inevitably be corrupted by wielding it.
He adds that this idea long predates the atomic age, noting that the foundations of his mythology were developed while he was still an undergraduate, not as an allegory for modern events.
At the end of the interview, Tolkien is asked whether he would rather be remembered for what he said or for what he made. He dismisses the distinction, arguing that lasting creations endure precisely because they have something meaningful to say.
Source: The Tolkien Professor interview with J.R.R. Tolkien (BBC, 1968), “J.R.R. Tolkien Interview (1968).
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Tol Sirion by Jonathan Guzi
Tol Sirion was an island on the upper reaches of the River Sirion where Finrod Felagund built the tower of Minas Tirith to keep watch upon the doings of Morgoth on the northern plain of Ard-galen and prevent passage south by Orcs through the Pass of Sirion, the West Gate of Beleriand.