quant'è dolce una storia quando è Charley Parker a raccontarla, in dischi o jam session o in apparizioni ufficiali nei night, lui suonava il sassofono perfetto
@aaquarjus Vero, il mare Adriatico verso il confine Marche Abruzzo mai visto così pulito come quest’anno, speriamo regga a luglio agosto. In più pieno di vongole, telline, pesci, granchi , cannolicchi, stelle marine e qualche medusella nei giorni di maggiore calura
Tired of always speculating about MR spectroscopy?
If you've ever looked at an MR spectroscopy & thought: "I have no idea what I’m looking at!"--then this cheat sheet is for you!
Here are the 4 basic rules you need so you can understand the spectrum of basic spectroscopy!
First you need to know the peaks.
3 main peaks: Choline, Creatine, NAA
Remember the order bc a spectrum looks like mountain peaks & it is cold in the mountains. And CHOld CREATures NAp or hibernate in the mountains
Choline
Marker of membrane turnover
Remember: membranes coat or “CHOat” the cell
Choline = ChoLEAN, choline LEANS into the creatine peak, it’s right next to it
Creatine
Marker of energy, basically an internal control
Remember, everyone takes Creatine powder for energy!
Creatine is at ~3—creatine almost rhymes with 3
NAA Marker of neuronal health
N = Neuron
NAA has double As so it is at ~2!
Four rules:
1. Hunter’s angle:
—Most people know that the peaks of the spectrum should go up at you move lateral, called Hunter’s angle
—Most bad things reverse Hunter’s angle
—Ask yourself: Is my arrow pointed up to shoot into the air at the enemy (good) or is point to the ground where it will hit the dirt (bad)
2. TE & spectrum length are inversely related
—Spectroscopy follows the rule: speak softly & carry a big stick.
—Short TE = long spectrum, lots of extra peaks for glutamate/glycine, myoinsitol
—Long TE = short spectrum, mainly the basic 3 peaks
3. Each region has its own unique signature
—Each brain region has its own unique composition of compounds that might alter Hunter’s angle a bit, but not reverse it
—Need a control in contralateral normal brain so compare apples to apples
4. Lactate peak goes like a sine wave
—Lactate peak represents anerobic metabolism—sign of cells in trouble
It’s at 1.3ppm. Remember this bc 13 is an unlucky number & lactate is an unlucky sign!
—It’s like a sine wave: up at short TE (35), down at intermediate TE (144), and up again at long TE (244)
—You can use this flipping to better visualize the lactate peak
—You can remember it’s down in the middle TE bc when you’re caught in the middle, you’re down & out
Just remember these tricks & you will be spectacular at basic spectroscopy!