The primary source documents from Paolo Contini, Legal Adviser to the United Nations Special Mission to Somalia, provide clear evidence that the 1960 “union” between Somaliland and Somalia was not a lawful act of statehood but an irregular and defective arrangement contrary to international legal standards.
The Commission expressly concluded that the laws adopted in June 1960 the “Union of Somaliland and Somalia Law” and the Act of Union (attio di unione) were “legally defective and could not be regarded as having the force of law for the whole Republic,” with the “legal consequences of the Union” remaining uncertain. To fill this void, a new Act of Union was drafted by the Commission and adopted by the National Assembly in January 1961, but it was applied retroactively to 1 July 1960.
This practice is contrary to fundamental principles of international law. Retroactive lawmaking cannot create or validate state sovereignty where none legally existed. The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969), while adopted later, codified a long-standing principle that treaties and acts of union require valid consent of the contracting parties at the time of formation (Articles 11–18). A union of sovereign states must be constituted through mutual ratification of a treaty of union or through explicit referenda demonstrating the free will of the peoples concerned.
In this case, no such legal instrument was ever ratified by both states. The only referendum held in June 1961 was on the Somalian Constitution, not on the union itself. By conflating a constitutional referendum with consent to union, the process violated the principle of self-determination of peoples (affirmed in UN General Assembly Resolution 1514 (XV) of 1960).
Somalilanders were thus denied their right to freely and directly determine their political status, a violation that renders the claimed union void ab initio under international law.
Accordingly, the so-called union between Somaliland and Somalia cannot be regarded as a valid international act but only as a de facto annexation, imposed through retroactive legislation and without the lawful consent of the people of Somaliland.
@aiabdimusa You remember well, you miss the citizenship rights given to Umal and his associates.
Killing citizens across the nation. This admin killed pple almost in every region RN.
@grigori_real I know a runner who promissed to run for Qatar. Interestingly while he was earning medals from left and right, Qataris were renewing his “failed state of Somalia”s passport.
Xanuun
Cadaalatul Cagdheer.
Waxan si dhaw ula socday safar la wiil oo dhalinyaro ahi ay ku marayeen Dawlad Deegaanka Soomaalida ee Ethiopia. Maanta waxay soo dhigeen muuqaalka guud ee magaalada faca weyn ee Gaashaamo. Waxay u eegtahay meeraha Mars.
Waa cadaalatul cagdheer.
This a classic marketing concept.
I used to wonder why stock traders focus much on “training” and promise to share secret trading hacks instead of using their trading skills😁
Meeshani aabaheed baay wastay. Waa Dembi cad in qof muwaadina. La yidhaahdo hala soo dilo madaxana halaga. Jaro’. Meeday daawladii’ miyaqn sharci Meeshan ka shaqaayn
Xariif reer Beli-Dhiig ahbaa english jajaban oo uu saylada burco ka bowsaday X ku waalay maanta.
The irony is, he is tagging int. News outlets😂. Bro. They’re not getting you!
Me, reading his Gibrish
@dhoorebbc May Allah protect your son and make it easy for you and your wife.
Interesting observation, Landers like myself are sending their prayers and sharing their feelings with you despite you have shown your hostility towards us while you were with SNATV. I am sure that is a lesson
Leadership is not proven by how long one holds power, but by the discipline to leave it when the people’s mandate ends. In honoring your word over your position, you have strengthened the meaning of every vote and reminded us that integrity is the highest form of service.
This is Mogadishu, Somalia. What these people are fighting over is food donated to Somalia by the European Union. It was intended to be distributed to the poor, but the workers who were supposed to distribute it are the ones fighting each other over it