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Flip Books are usually illustrated books for children, although they can also be for adults and use a series of images other than illustrations such as photographs, or consecutive frames (all 12, 16, 18 or 24) from a scene in a movie. Flip books were a simpler, manual counterpart to these technologies, requiring no equipment beyond the book itself. #cinemahistory Flip Books are essentially a primitive form of animation like the #BurntCityBowl. Like all of the Victorian optical toys, they rely on persistence of vision to create the illusion of continuous motion. Except that nothing is moving. Flip Books remained a staple of children’s toys and novelty items through the 20th century. They were used in advertising (e.g., by companies like Coca-Cola), as educational tools, and even in early film studies to demonstrate animation principles.