#externalstimulus - Twitter Hashtag

12 months ago

Müller stated that people who believe they are seeing #spectres, ghosts, #phantoms or other visions, might be really experiencing optical sensations and truly believe these visions to be of external origin, even if there is no #externalstimulus taking place. Surviving notes from Müller’s laboratory (referenced in Helmholtz’s 'Physiologische Optik,' 1856, vol. I § 23) mention the use of “interference disks” patterned with concentric circles or radiating lines producing moiré-like waveforms when rotated against a second disk; colour mixture disks (early Maxwell-style): to analyze optical superposition; wave-motion simulations: where alternately patterned sectors produced the appearance of travelling light waves. Helmholtz explicitly credits Müller’s Fantaskopische Versuche (1845) as antecedents to his own work on fusion frequency and visual persistence, which he measured quantitatively in the early 1850s.

RealPreCinema's tweet photo. Müller stated that people who believe they are seeing #spectres, ghosts, #phantoms or other visions, might be really experiencing optical sensations and truly believe these visions to be of external origin, even if there is no #externalstimulus taking place.

Surviving notes from Müller’s laboratory (referenced in Helmholtz’s 'Physiologische Optik,' 1856, vol. I § 23) mention the use of “interference disks” patterned with concentric circles or radiating lines producing moiré-like waveforms when rotated against a second disk; colour mixture disks (early Maxwell-style): to analyze optical superposition; wave-motion simulations: where alternately patterned sectors produced the appearance of travelling light waves.

Helmholtz explicitly credits Müller’s Fantaskopische Versuche (1845) as antecedents to his own work on fusion frequency and visual persistence, which he measured quantitatively in the early 1850s.

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@RealPreCinema

12 months ago

The Fantoscope Müller referred to was not a Phantasmagoria device, but a #stroboscopic disk apparatus, derived from Joseph Plateau’s Phenakistiscope of 1832. By the 1840s, physicists and physiologists often renamed and repurposed Plateau’s invention a #Fantaskop, but #Stroboscope, and #OptischesZoisotrop were all used interchangeably. Müller employed such rotating disks in experiments on wave interference and retinal after images. His goal was to explore how the visual system integrates rapid periodic stimuli. Essentially, the physiology of flicker and apparent motion. Müller’s monograph ‘On Imaginary Apparitions’ was published in 1826. His theory stated that the eye was a sensory system that reacts to external #opticalstimuli but also, can be excited by internal stimuli that we imagine. Advertisers understand this very well.