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Let’s see how and when : - After the martyrdom of Imam ʿAlī (a) and the tragedy of Karbala (680 CE), Shiʿism began to appear in different parts of the Islamic world. - In Bilād al-Shām (Greater Syria), the Umayyad dynasty was hostile to the Shiʿa, but some families and tribes in Jabal ʿĀmil (present-day South Lebanon) remained loyal to Ahl al-Bayt. - Shiʿa migration to Jabal ʿĀmil increased due to Umayyad and Abbasid persecution, as the mountains and remote villages provided them refuge. As for Patriarch Elias Boutros Hoayek: Early Life and Education - Born in Helta, Batroun in 1843. - Studied at the Maronite Seminary of Ghazir, then pursued higher studies in Rome, where he obtained degrees in philosophy and theology. Ecclesiastical Career - Ordained priest in 1870. - Served as professor and later director at the Seminary of Mar Abda – Harhraya. - Appointed Bishop of Tripoli in 1889. - Elected Maronite Patriarch in 1899, a position he held until his death in 1931. Who was in Lebanon before ?