@peterrhague@dontdelay Same thing in every store SW London. It has been difficult to get chilled produce this whole week. And it has happened previous years as well. The excuse here is normally lack of refrigant gas(es) or staff being unavailable due to heat.
Lee Kuan Yew, the first prime minister of Singapore, famously commented on a London newspaper stand as a sign of the highly-civilised society of Great Britain in the 1940s.
His words came to mind when I saw the state of this newspaper stand in a London tube station this afternoon.
It’s remarkable how far we’ve fallen in such a short amount of time.
His words:
“Perhaps the most impressive sight I came upon was when I emerged from the tube station at Piccadilly Circus. I found a little table with a pile of newspapers and a box of coins and notes with nobody in attendance. You take your newspaper, toss in your coin or put in your 10-shilling note and take your change. I took a deep breath - this was a truly civilised people.”
Foreign born population of each country :
Jan 2001 Jan 2025
🇦🇹 8.7% 22.5%
🇧🇪 8.4% 20.2%
🇩🇰 4.8% 14.4%
🇫🇷 5.5% 14.0%
🇩🇪 8.9% 20.5%
🇬🇷 6.9% 11.0%
🇮🇸 3.1% 21.8%
🇮🇪 4.0% 23.3%
🇱🇺 37.5% 51.5%
🇳🇱 4.1% 16.8%
🇳🇴 4.1% 18.7%
🇸🇮 2.1% 15.5%
🇪🇸 3.4% 19.3%
🇸🇪 5.3% 20.8%
🇬🇧 4.3% 20.0%
Now add children born to foreign parents and the situation looks even worse.
We are living through the demographic annihilation of the people of Europe.
That water clarity is an engineering decision, and the math behind it is wilder than the video.
Roman aqueducts ran on gravity alone. No pumps, no pressure systems. Engineers carved channels with a gradient so shallow it borders on absurd. The Pont du Gard in southern France drops 2.5 centimeters over 275 meters. That's roughly the thickness of a coin over the length of three football fields. They surveyed that accuracy with plumb lines and wooden leveling instruments.
The clarity you're seeing is a direct product of flow velocity. Too steep and the water erodes the channel walls, picks up sediment, turns brown. Too flat and it stagnates. Roman engineers targeted a slope of about 20 centimeters per kilometer, which kept the water moving fast enough to stay fresh but slow enough to stay clear. Before the water reached the city, it passed through multi-chamber settling tanks where velocity dropped near zero. Suspended particles sank. Clean water flowed out the top into the next chamber. Repeat three or four times.
Pliny specified the minimum slope in writing. Vitruvius published the exact mortar ratio for hydraulic cement: one part lime to two parts volcanic ash for underwater work. The pozzolana from Pozzuoli reacted with water to form a calcium-aluminum-silicate compound that actually gets stronger the longer it sits submerged. Modern concrete degrades in water. Roman concrete bonds with it.
Scale the whole system and it gets harder to process. Eleven aqueducts fed Rome at its peak. Combined output: roughly 1 million cubic meters of water per day. That works out to about 250 gallons per person for a city of one million. Modern New York delivers about 125 gallons per person per day. Ancient Rome had access to double the per capita water supply of the largest city in the United States, running entirely on slope and stone.
The Trevi Fountain in Rome is still fed by one of them. Two thousand years, same source, same gravity, same water.